Unit 3 Challenges to an Emerging Nation
Chapter 9 Section 1Washington's
Presidency
4.1.3 Explain how political parties emerged out of the competing ideas, experiences, and fears of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, despite the worries the Founding Fathers had concerning the dangers of political division, analyze disagreements over economic policy (creation of the national bank)
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Read pages 277-281 in TEXT Book
Complete Course Pack pages 11-12
GEORGE WASHINGTON
1789-1797
George Washington’s Presidency
• April 30, 1789 Washington (Virginia) is inaugurated (sworn in) as President.John Adams (Mass.) becomes the Vice-President.
George Washington’s Presidency
• Washington establishes many governmental precedents.PRCEDENT: an example that would become a standard practice.
I. Establishment of the Court System
Federal Judiciary Act of 1789: passed by Congress.
1. Created an independent federal court system with the Supreme Court and lower level courts.
2. The U.S. Supreme Court is to have a Chief Justice and five associate justices. Currently we have 9 total justices.
3. Washington appoints John Jay as Chief Justice.
George Washington’s Presidency
• Washington establishes many governmental precedents.PRCEDENT: an example that would become a standard practice.
Washington’s Cabinet
9. Congress had the task of creating DEPARTMENTS to help the president lead the nation
10. The president had the power to appoint the HEAD OF THESE DEPARTMENTS
11. Congress crated 3 departments
The First Presidential Cabinet
1. Secretary of War (Henry Knox) oversee the nation’s defenses.
2. Secretary of State (Thomas Jefferson) oversee the relations between the U.S. and other countries.
The First Presidential Cabinet
3. Secretary of the Treasury (Alexander Hamilton) to manage the government’s money.
The First Presidential Cabinet
4. Attorney General (Edmond Randolph) to advise the government on legal matters.
The First Presidential Cabinet
Washington’s Cabinet
13. These department heads and the attorney general made up Washington's CABINET and gave him ADVICE on how to run the country. 14. The Constitution made no mention of a CABINET
III. Hamilton’s Financial Plan
NOTE: Alexander Hamilton believed that the federal government should be stronger than the state governments.
III. Hamilton’s Financial PlanA. Pay off the war debt to develop
the trust of other nations for trade.B. Raise the federal government’s
revenues through tariffs and taxes.TARIFFS – a tax on imported goods.
III. Hamilton’s Financial Plan
C. Tariffs would…1. encourage the growth of
American industry (buy American-made).
2. raise money for the federal government.
III. Hamilton’s Financial PlanD. Create a
NATIONAL BANK:1. safe place to keep
the government’s money.
2. can make loans to businesses.
3. would issue paper currency.
4. strengthen the federal government.
Nation’s First Crisis
The Deficit 1790
Congress asked Hamilton to
figure out what to do about the
staggering Revolutionary War ________ it inherited from
the Confederation
Hamilton’s Financial Program
Hamilton knew that the nation had to pay
its debt in order to establish ________.
Hamilton proposed a bold 4 point plan all
designed to strengthen the
central government
CP Pages 9-10
Nation’s First Crisis
The Deficit 1790
Congress asked Hamilton to
figure out what to do about the
staggering Revolutionary War ________ it inherited from
the Confederation
Hamilton’s Financial Program
Hamilton knew that the nation had to pay
its debt in order to establish ________.
Hamilton proposed a bold 4 point plan all
designed to strengthen the
central government
Fund full payment of foreign and national debt-by selling US bonds to investors
CP Pages 9-10
Nation’s First Crisis
The Deficit 1790
Congress asked Hamilton to
figure out what to do about the
staggering Revolutionary War ________ it inherited from
the Confederation
Hamilton’s Financial Program
Hamilton knew that the nation had to pay
its debt in order to establish ________.
Hamilton proposed a bold 4 point plan all
designed to strengthen the
central government
Fund full payment of foreign and national debt-by selling US bonds to investors
CP Pages 9-10
Assumption of State debt-Southern states objected because they had paid off their debts and did not want to help the North pay
Nation’s First Crisis
The Deficit 1790
Congress asked Hamilton to
figure out what to do about the
staggering Revolutionary War ________ it inherited from
the Confederation
Hamilton’s Financial Program
Hamilton knew that the nation had to pay
its debt in order to establish ________.
Hamilton proposed a bold 4 point plan all
designed to strengthen the
central government
Fund full payment of foreign and national debt-by selling US bonds to investors
CP Pages 9-10
Assumption of State debt-Southern states objected because they had paid off their debts and did not want to help the North pay
An Excise tax on Whiskey-for a source of income to pay the debt
Nation’s First Crisis
The Deficit 1790
Congress asked Hamilton to
figure out what to do about the
staggering Revolutionary War ________ it inherited from
the Confederation
Hamilton’s Financial Program
Hamilton knew that the nation had to pay
its debt in order to establish ________.
Hamilton proposed a bold 4 point plan all
designed to strengthen the
central government
Fund full payment of foreign and national debt-by selling US bonds to investors
CP Pages 9-10
Assumption of State debt-Southern states objected because they had paid off their debts and did not want to help the North pay
An Excise tax on Whiskey-for a source of income to pay the debt
A federally chartered bank of the United States
Hamilton v. Jefferson
IV. Debate on Interpretation of the Constitution
• STRICT CONSTRUCTION: only what the Constitution clearly states – favored by Jefferson and Madison.
• LOOSE CONSTRUCTION: the Constitution should be flexible to meet the needs of the country (Elastic Clause) – favored by Hamilton and Adams.
Jefferson and Hamilton argue these points on the creation of the National Bank.
Ticket Out the Door
Course Pack page 15/16