Unit 5 Chapter 11Fundamentals of Genetics
Section 11.1
Mendel’s Legacy
1. Genetics: study of how traits & characteristics are transferred from parent to _________
2. Gregor Mendel: “Father of Genetics”
3. Combined a) Plant breeding
b) Statistics
c) Careful recordkeeping
I) Gregor Mendel
1. Mendel experiment a. garden peas with 7 characteristics to see
which trait would be passed to offspring
2. Traits: specific inherited characteristicsa) Example: Characteristic:
Trait:
II) Mendel’s Experiment
II) Mendel’s Experiments
3. Mendel started growing peas that were pure for each trait
a. Pure:
b. Mendel self-pollinated the peas until:
c. P1 generation:
3. Mendel controlled the reproduction of the plants (___________)
4. Pollination: pollen from reproductive parts of one flower is mixed w/ another flower
II. Mendel’s Experiment
5. Self-pollination: mixing with the same plant/flower
6. Cross-pollination: mixing anther a different plant/flower
II. Mendel’s Experiment
II. Mendel’s Experiments
7. Cross Pollinated:a) Ex: Characteristic: Plant Height
b) Trait: Short x Tall
c) Mendel recorded the results & called the offspring the F1 generation
P1 generation:
Pure Green x Pure Yellow = __ generation
Example
II. Mendel’s Experiments
7) Mendel then crossed two F1 generation seeds
P1 generation:
Pure Green x Pure Yellow = __ generation
F1 generation x F1 generation =
____ generation
Example
1. there was a “factor” in pea controlling the traits
2. results varied btwn 2 traits he felt that the “factor” came in pairs
III) Mendel’s Results and Conclusions
P1 generation: Pure Green, Pure Yellow
Pure Green x Pure Yellow = F1 generation
F1 generation: 2 Green
F1 gen. x F1 gen. = F2 generation
Green x Green = 3 Green + 1 Yellow
F2 generation: 3 Green + 1 Yellow
Example
1. Mendel saw that one P1 trait would not show in the F1, and reappear in F2
a. Dominant: factor that would dominated and mask the other trait
b. Recessive: factor that could be masked by a dominant trait
III. Recessive and Dominant Traits
IV. Mendel’s Laws
1. Law of Segregation: a pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes
IV. Mendel’s Laws
2. Law of Independent Assortment: factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently
1. Molecular Genetics: study of structure and function of chromosomes and genes
2. Genes are in pairs or alleles
3. Alleles are represented by lettersa. Dominant: Uppercase
b. Recessive: Lowercase
V. Chromosomes and Genes