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Unit 5 Study Guide
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Define : Abiotic Factor
• - An abiotic factor is a non-living part of an ecosystem.
• - Ex.: Sunlight, Air, Water, Minerals, and Temperature
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Define: Biotic Factor
• - A biotic factor is a living part of an ecosystem.
• - Ex: Bacteria, Protists, Plants, Animals, and Decomposers
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Define: Community
Community: all the populations in an ecosystem
Ex: All the frogs, insects, reptiles, birds, plants,
mushrooms, bacteria, protists, mammals & fish living in the pond
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Define: Ecosystem
Ecosystem : Includes all the living (biotic) & nonliving (abiotic) features of an environment.
Ex: The animals, plants, protists, fungi, water, air, soil, and temperature of a pond.
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Define: Limiting Factors
an environmental condition or resource that limits the size of a population of organisms.
• Examples: Food, Water, Shelter (space)
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Define: Population
A group of interbreeding organisms (species) living in the same area.
Ex: All of the frogs living in a pond.
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Label the levels of organization
Organism Population
Community Ecosystem Biome
Biosphere
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Question 8
The three types of symbiotic relationships are:
1) Mutualism
2) Commensalism
3) Parasitism
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Question # 9:
What is symbiosis?
A close relationship created between two species due to co-evolution (species evolve
together in their environment).
The relationship must benefit at least one of the species.
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Define Competition:
Struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource.
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Define: Predation
Interaction where one organism (predator) kills another organism for food (prey).
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Question #12
What is succession?
The series of changes that occur in a community over time.
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Question # 13:
What are the two types of ecological succession?
1) Primary Succession
2) Secondary Succession
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Question # 14:
• What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession?
• Primary succession- is the series of changes that occur in an area where no soil or organisms exist.
• Secondary Succession- is the series of changes that occur in an area where the ecosystem has been disturbed, but where soil and organisms still exist.
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Question # 15:
• During Primary Succession:
• Rock must be broken down into soil…The first species to populate the area are called pioneer species. Examples of pioneer species include mosses or lichens, followed by grasses and small plants, then small shrubs, and last larger trees and populations (climax community).
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Question # 16:
• What might cause primary succession to occur?
• Volcanic Eruptions, receding ice formations
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Question # 17:
• During Secondary Succession
Communities are usually reintroduced to the ecosystem more quickly than happens during primary succession.
Plant and animal communities already existed
before the disturbance, the soil is often richer, and some species may remain or return to the region after the disturbance.
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Question #18
What might happen to cause secondary succession to occur?
Deforestation, wildfire, natural disaster.
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Question #19
What is carrying capacity?
• The number of organisms of one
• species that an environment can support indefinitely.
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Question # 20
What are some factors that affect carrying capacity?
• Resources
• Disease
• Organism interaction
• Habitat Size/Crowding
• Weather
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Question # 21
What is a niche?
An organism’s total way of life.