Download - Unit 6 American Revolution
Unit 6American
Revolution
I. Declaring IndependenceA. Paine’s Common Sense convinced many colonists they need their own gov’t.B. Declaration of Independence was the best propaganda for war
C. Choosing Sides 1. Americans•Patriots (40% of population)•Yankees•Minutemen & local militias•Continentals
2. British•British Redcoats•Hessian mercenaries•Loyalists (20-30%)
3. Others groups, not mentioned in Declaration:
•Women (Abigail Adams tried to get women included, Molly Pitcher and Deborah Sampson fought, others helped in any way they could)•African Americans fought for both sides (British promised them freedom)•Native Americans mostly helped British
II. Struggle for Liberty A. Strengths and Weaknesses
1. Americans• Homeland advantage• Cause they believed in• European allies • Poorly trained and equipped• Small navy
2. British•Well-trained, well-equipped•Large Navy•Had to cross ocean•Used Mercenaries
B. Defeats and Victories 1. Canada: Americans failed to
invade & make it our 14th colony
2. Lost New York City (right after Dec. was signed)
3. Won New Jersey •Won at Trenton &
Princeton•Paine’s The Crisis convinced soldiers
to re-enlist4. Big win at Saratoga * Turning Point
C. Help from Europe1. Individuals: LaFayette &
Von Steuben2. B. Franklin (& Saratoga)
convinced France to send Rochambeau and army,
DeGrasse and navy3. Galvez (Spanish governor of
Louisiana)
D. Winter at Valley Forge (1777-1778)
1. Brutal winter conditions, little food,
few supplies (some even barefoot)
•2,000 died of disease and starvation
2. Von Steuben turned army into well- trained soldiers
E. War at Sea and in the west 1. Americans started
Marines, built warships and adapted merchant
vessels, then seized British supply fort in Bahamas
2. John Paul Jones (I have not yet
begun to fight!) used donated French ship
(Bonhomme Richard) to defeat British
warship (Serapis)
3. George Rogers Clark volunteered to raise an army to attack British forts in Ohio River Valley
• Fort Kaskaskia• Led to American claims west to
Mississippi River
III. Independence A. War in the South
1. British took the war to Georgia
(more Loyalists there) 2. Gates screwed up in the
Carolinas 3. Swamp Fox Marion used
guerilla tactics to successfully disrupt
British supply lines
B. Yorktown, VA 17811. British Cornwallis took
troops to Yorktown peninsula hoping for help from navy
2. Washington got Rochambeau and French army to trap British from the
west3. French navy trapped
British from east,
effectively ending war
C. Treaty of Paris, 1783 1. Britain recognized United
States as an independent country
2. Set borders (Mississippi River to west, St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes to north, Florida to Spain)
TIMELINE1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
Declaration of Independence Signed
Trenton, men re-enlistSaratoga, France and Spain enter warWinter at Valley Forge
Yorktown
Treaty of Paris
Battle Chart Directions: 1. Find the next 2 blank pages (across from each
other) in your notebook 2. Copy the “Battles” (off to the right) down the
entire length of the page (about 4 or 5 lines for each battle)
3. Make 6 headings at the top of the 2 pages, 3 on one page, 3 on the next page:
State, Date, Am. Leader
and 3 headings to the right of the foldBr. Leader, Winner,
Importance
Battles
Lexington & Concord
Bunker Hill
Quebec, Canada
Long Island,New York
Trenton
Saratoga
Yorktown
Battles Am. Leader
Br.Leader
Winner Importance
Lexington & ConcordMass., April 1775
Parker Gage & Pitcairn
Am. “Shot Heard Round the World” started the war
Bunker HillMass., June 1775
Prescott Howe
Br. Showed world Br. were not invincible (could be beat)
Quebec, CanadaQuebec, Sept., 1775
Montgomery & Arnold (Morgan)
Carleton
Br.
Am. failed to make Canada a 14th colony
Battles Am. Leader
Br. Leader
Winner Importance
Long Island, New YorkNY, August 1776
GW
Howe
Br. Br. force Am to evacuate NY (Nathan Hale dies as Am. spy)
TrentonNJ, Dec. 1776
GW Rall (Hessian)
Am. Am. soldiers re-enlist
Battles Am. Leader
Br. Leader
Winner Importance
SaratogaNY, Sept. 1777
Gates Arnold
Burgoyne Am. * Turning Point: Fr. and Sp. ally with Am.
YorktownVA, Oct. 1781
GWLaFayetteDe Grasse
Cornwallis Am.
Ended the revolution
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