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Unit XXI – Imperialism and Independence Movements in
AfricaEuropean Colonialism (2-8)
Independence Movements (9-13)
Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved
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1. European Imperialism in Africa
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2. Video
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3. Definitions
• A. Colonialism – the policy of taking a weaker nation’s land for self gain.
• B. Imperialism – the domination of one nation over the political, economic, or social affairs of another nation
• Reasons for the colonization of Africa- refueling ports, slave trade, mineral and agricultural resources, strategic location
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4. Early Contact - A Slow Start
• A. Explain the impact of each of the following groups on African life:
• 1. Explorers -
• 2. Missionaries –– a. example -
• 3. Slave traders -
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5. The Slave Trade
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6. Colonization in the 1800’s
• A. When did European nations first establish refueling ports along the coast of Africa?
• B. When did European nations race for controlling African territory?
• C. What were the natural barriers to colonization?
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7. The Berlin Conference - 1884
• A. What was the purpose of the conference?
• B. Were Africans invited to the conference?
• C. What were the results of it?
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8. Colonial Policies/Possessions in Africa
• A. England - Gradualism
• B. France - Assimilation
• C. Belgium - Paternalism
• D. Portugal -
• E. Spain -
• F. Italy -
• G. Germany -
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9. The Mau-Mau Revolt by some Kikuyu in Kenya (1960-63)
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10. Famous Leaders of the Independence Movement
• A. Menelik II – Ethiopia - Italy• B. Kwame Nkrumah – Ghana – Gr. Britain• C. Jomo Kenyatta – Kenya – Great Britain• D. Julius Nyerre – Tanzania – Germany• E. Leopold Sedar Senghor – Senegal –
France• F. Mobutu Sese Sekou – Congo – Belgium
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11. Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta
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12. Problems of New African Nations
• A. Tribalism – continuing loyalty to tribes and prejudice against other tribes
• B. Poverty – massive unemployment or under employment
• C. Subsistence Agriculture – many tribes, villages, families, exist on what they produce
• D. Disease – epidemics of malaria, ebola virus, parasites, nutritional diseases, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, STD, and HIV/AIDS
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13. Problems (cont.)
• E. Hunger – vast numbers are hungry daily• F. Sanitary Conditions – lack of knowledge of the
link between cleanliness and disease prevention• G. Lack of Communication – with over 800 major
language groups, intertribal communication remains a problem
• H. Lack of Educational Opportunities – rural villages and cities lack the educational resources to properly educate the young
• I. Desertification – the spread of the deserts
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14. Video
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15. Communication Problems
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16. Important Terms and People
• A. gradualism• B. assimilation• C. paternalism• D. language group• E. imperialism• F. tribalism• G. nationalism• H. colonialism• I. The Berlin Conference
(1884)• J. pan - Africanism
• K. Menelik II• L. Kwame Nkrumah• M. Jomo Kenyatta• N. Julius Nyerre• O. Joseph Mobutu• P. desertification• Q. subsistence
agriculture• R. third world country• S. underdeveloped nation