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Page 1: United States History & The Constitution Unit 5.1: Reconstruction Ch. 12.1 Notes Politics of Reconstruction

United States History & The Constitution

Unit 5.1: Reconstruction

Ch. 12.1 Notes

Politics of Reconstruction

Page 2: United States History & The Constitution Unit 5.1: Reconstruction Ch. 12.1 Notes Politics of Reconstruction

Today’s Lesson Standard / Indicator

Standard USHC-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how regional and ideological differences led to the Civil War & an understanding of the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on democracy in America.

USHC-3.3: Analyze the effects of Reconstruction on the southern states & on the role of the federal government, including the impact of the thirteenth, fourteenth, & fifteenth amendments on opportunities for African Americans.

Page 3: United States History & The Constitution Unit 5.1: Reconstruction Ch. 12.1 Notes Politics of Reconstruction

- Lincoln’s 10% Plan:

- Lenient on the South.

- Pardon Confederates except high-ranking officials/accused of crimes against prisoners of war = swear allegiance to the Union.

- 10% of states eligible voters had to vote to re-enter the Union. - form new state government & get representation in Congress.

- Radical Republicans (Goals):

- Destroy ex-slaveowners power. - Give Af. Americans voting & citizenship rights.

Wade-Davis Bill:

- Proposed Congress, (not president) responsible for Reconstruction.

- Proposed a majority, not 10%, of 1860 eligible voters, required to establish a state government.

- Lincoln “killed” it (pocket veto).

Ch. 12.1 Notes

Radical Republican LeaderThaddeus Stevens (R. – PA)

Page 4: United States History & The Constitution Unit 5.1: Reconstruction Ch. 12.1 Notes Politics of Reconstruction

- Pres. Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction):

- Aim: punish ex-confederate leaders (military & landowners):

- Remaining 7 CSA states had to: 1.) Withdrawal secession. 2.) swear allegiance to the Union. 3.) annul Confederate war debts. 4.) ratify the 13th Amendment.

- Failed (like Lincoln’s) to help ex-slaves: land, voting, legal protection.

- Freedmen’s Bureau Act:

- Helped ex-slaves & poor whites (clothing & food) - 40 hospitals, 4,000 schools, 61 ind. institutes, & 74 teacher- training centers.

- Civil Rights Act of 1866:

- Af-Americans citizenship. - Banned discriminatory “black codes”.

- Pres. Johnson vetoed the Freedmen’s & Civil Rights Acts:

Ch. 12.1 Notes

Page 5: United States History & The Constitution Unit 5.1: Reconstruction Ch. 12.1 Notes Politics of Reconstruction

- Radical Republicans overrode Johnson’s veto.

- Reconstruction Amendments:

- 13th amendment = abolished slavery.

- 14th Amendment =

- Persons born/naturalized in the U.S. are citizens. - Equal protection of the law. - Constitutional basis for Civil Rights Act of 1866.

- 15th Amendment = suffrage to African Americans (males).

- Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Radical Reconstruction):

1.) Abolished governments in former CSA states. 2.) Divided states into 5 military districts. 3.) Set up readmission requirements to the Union.

Ch. 12.1 Notes

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Reconstruction Military Districts

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Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up2nd Nine Weeks

Bell Ringer #6 (5 & 6 Dec)

6.) Despite the passage of the Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th, & 15th), why did African Americans experience continued discrimination?

a.) Southern governors declared the amendments null & void.b.) Southern state legislatures passed a series of Jim Crow Laws.c.) State governments were now aware these amendments were ratified.d.) The amendments did not address political rights.CORRECT ANSWER: B

Page 8: United States History & The Constitution Unit 5.1: Reconstruction Ch. 12.1 Notes Politics of Reconstruction

Today’s Lesson Standard / Indicator

Standard USHC-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how regional and ideological differences led to the Civil War & an understanding of the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on democracy in America.

USHC-3.4: Summarize the end of Reconstruction, including the role of anti–African American factions & competing national interests in undermining support for Reconstruction; the impact of the removal of federal protection for freedmen; & the impact of Jim Crow laws & voter restrictions on African American rights in the post-Reconstruction era.

Page 9: United States History & The Constitution Unit 5.1: Reconstruction Ch. 12.1 Notes Politics of Reconstruction

United States History & The Constitution

Unit 5.2: Reconstruction

Ch. 12.2 & 12.3 Notes

Reconstructing Society & The Collapse of Reconstruction

Page 10: United States History & The Constitution Unit 5.1: Reconstruction Ch. 12.1 Notes Politics of Reconstruction

Political Terms:

- Republicans in the South:

a.) Carpetbaggers – northern Republican (missionaries, teachers, or entrepreneurs) = moved South after the war.

b.) Scalawags – white southerners; didn’t participate in the Confederacy

- Supported Republicans views on economic growth & public schools.

c.) Freedmen – former slaves.

- Southern Democrats:

a.) Redeemers (redemption): ex- planters/ ex-confederates = “redeemed” the South by removing the Republicans & returning “home rule”.

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African Americans in Congress

Sen. Hiram Revels, First African American Congressman

(Republican – Mississippi)

First black Senator & Representatives: Sen. Hiram Revels(R-MS), Rep.

Benjamin S. Turner(R-AL), Robert DeLarge(R-SC), Josiah Walls(R-FL), Jefferson Long(R-GA),

Joseph Rainey(R-SC), Robert B. Elliott (R-SC)

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The Goals of the Ku Klux Klan, the Riflemen, & the Red Shirts

- Intimidate carpetbaggers & freedmen = force away from voting polls & southern politics = hope they return north.

- Forced closing of freedmen’s schools through intimidation & violent tactics.

- Lynching, beatings, & cross-burnings = used to achieve Klan objectives.

- Ku Klux Klan Act = sent troops to the South to protect freedmen. (weakly enforced).

The Rise of Vigilante Groups

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Freedmen in the Post-War South

- Est. 2.3 million slaves freed by the 13th Amendment (displaced & liberated).

- Most freedmen couldn’t read or write; jobs were scarce.

- Thousands left plantations = started fresh in cities or searched for family members.

- Problems = hunger, disease, & lack of shelter.

- Some remained on plantations to work for wages.

Freedmen & Reconstruction

Freedmen in Post-Civil War Richmond, VA

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Freedmen & Reconstruction

Creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau (1865):

- Operated by the US Army (federal gov’t) - Provided food, clothing, medical supplies, etc.

- Supervised work contracts & helped find jobs.

- Set-up schools & military courts.

Freedmen’s Bureau

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The Freedmen’s Bureau Cont.

Failures of the Freedmen’s Bureau:

- 2+ million freedmen needed help; very limited resources.

- Issues working with resentful cash-poor planters.

- “Forty Acres & a Mule”

- Bureau promised more than it could deliver.

“Freedmen’s Bureau”

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Sharecropping: main job & lifestyle for poor southern whites & blacks.

Economic Changes in the South

- Ex-planters re-gained old role as “master”.

- Poor farmers economically dependent on the land owner = cycle of debt.

- Worked land for a share of the crop (landowner supplied land, tools & seeds).

- Poor farmers relied on crop liens.

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Post-Reconstruction EraSharecropping in the South

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Exodusters Leaving the South

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- Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep) v. Samuel Tilden (Dem)

- Compromise of 1877: Deal struck over 20 contested electoral votes.

- Democrats cede election to Hayes, in exchange…

…federal troops pulled out of the Southin 1877 = Reconstruction ended(1865-1877).

- Power returned to Southern Democrats (redeemers).

Election of 1876 & Compromise of 1877

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Page 21: United States History & The Constitution Unit 5.1: Reconstruction Ch. 12.1 Notes Politics of Reconstruction

Successes & Failures of Reconstruction

Successes Failures

- Blacks played a role in politics through Reconstruction’s end.

- Public schools opened by the Freedmen’s Bureau = open to all.

- Thousands of free blacks learned to read & write.

- Race relations didn’t improve.(increased) black/white tensions.

- Ku Klux Klan grew.

- Race riots occured in the South.

- Gov’t corruption increased.

- “Redeemers” (Ex-Confederate Democrats) regained control)

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- 1877: Conservative-Democrat’s control of the South.

- Disfranchised (took away) the black vote.

- Eight Box Law (1881): had to put your vote in the right ballot box.

- Poll Taxes: pay a tax to vote.

- Literacy Tests: read part of the Constitution & answer questions..

Beginnings of “Jim Crow”

Poll Tax Receipt

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- Tactics designed to stop poor & illiterate blacks & whites from voting.

- 1876 = ex: 90,000 people in SC voted Republican.

- 1888 = less than 14,000 voted Republican.

- Had to own land in some states in order to vote.

“Jim Crow” Cont.

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“Jim Crow” Cont.

- Grandfather Clause: If grandfather voted before the Civil War, then you could.

- Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896): Supreme Court; established principle of “separate but equal” facilities for blacks & whites (rarely equal).

- Led to de jure segregation.


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