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University-Built Nanosatellites for Research and Education
Dr. Mason PeckSibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Northeast Regional Space Grant Meeting
NY Space Grant, Cornell University
ICE Cubesat
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What’s in Store
So you want to launch your senior project?
Cornell University's CUSatSome surprising new spacecraft
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Launch Your Senior Project
University Nanosatellite Program Air Force / NASA sponsorship 1-2 years design, build, test Seed funding ($100K of ~$500K?)
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Launch Your Senior Project
Cubesats 10 cm cube concept from Stanford ~$80k for launch in a "pod"
Cornell's ICE Cubesat:
Ionospheric ScintillationMeasurements with GPS
Cubesat Kits: http://www.cubesatkit.com/
6 cubesats
3 cubesats
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Launch Your Senior Project
NASA Reduced-Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program 25 seconds of zero gravity 40 seconds of lunar gravity
Cornell FlightsMay 2007
Cornell ExperimentMay 2007
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CUSat An In-Orbit Inspection Technology Demonstrator
Space Systems Design Studio
Mason PeckSibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace EngineeringCornell UniversityIthaca, NY
Nanosat-4 Program Sponsors
http://cusat.cornell.edu
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University Nanosatellite Program
AFRL/AFOSR $110K seed funding for ~11 schools Biennial (2 years’ work) CUSat
• Cornell’s entry (only school in the region)• 40-80 students for 2 years• Won the competition and will launch in
October 2009
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In-Orbit Inspection Use one spacecraft to look at another Why?
In-Orbit Test Health and Usage Monitoring Fault Detection and Response Anomaly Resolution Requisite Functionality for In-Orbit Construction,
Maintenance, and Repair Enabling Technology
Vision for Space Exploration Responsive Space
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In-Orbit Inspection The Recipe
Sensors General applicability Unambiguous elative position & attitude Demo cooperative/uncooperative
Autonomy Mission Operations
Functional robustness Orbit Mechanics Ground Segment / Data End-User
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CUSat - A Few Small Pictures
Where the pieces go
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CUSat - A Few Small Pictures
What Makes it Work Carrier-Phase Differential GPS Use the phase of the carrier
wave (1.2 & 1.5 GHz) to determine distance among antennas
All antennas face the same way At least 5 satellites are
necessary (a blend of four distances plus one to resolve the ambiguity in the integer number of periods)
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CUSat is ambitious If it were simply a "me too" mission, we wouldn't waste
our time Train students on the right way to build spacecraft
(UNP objective) Necessitates a large team, >10% attention to systems
engineering Requirements analysis and management Formal trade studies Rigorous verification Change control, other best practices Complete documentation
Spacecraft in a University Environment
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Spacecraft in a University Environment
Students dedicate a lot of time and effort. That's the benefit of a space project: enthusiastic participants.
We select students for the project, accepting less than 50% of applicants
Students receive some course credit The experience has changed many
students' futures.
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The Surprising Physicsof Very Small Satellites
Dr. Mason PeckSibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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One Man's Disturbance isAnother Man's Propulsion System
Solar Sails Photons impact a
lightweight sail, pushing a spacecraft as if it were a sailboat.
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They’re typically very big
One Man's Disturbance isAnother Man's Propulsion System
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That's because solar-sail designers want to carry large things, like themselves, to distant destinations
What if we make a very small one?
One Man's Disturbance isAnother Man's Propulsion System
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The spacecraft-on-a-chip Solar cell, processor, magnetic coils, CCD
camera, cell-phone antenna, etc. all on a single piece of semiconductor
Propulsion: Solar sailing Lorentz force
Cost: 2 cents each? Launch up to 24 billion on a Delta-4 rocket…
Very Small Spacecraft
The spacecraft-on-a-chip
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Launch a swarm of them Shape a large optical telescope or other useful
device from a large number of tiny spacecraft
Very Small Spacecraft