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Michael Allen
11-11-11
TX ASM Fall Meeting
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Intro to Biotechnology 1.0
◦ What’s new in v2.0?
What is a composite?
Our preliminary efforts in “Green” Composites
Future Directions
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What is a composite? A product made of two or more
materials Typically fibrous material in
epoxy matrix
Ex: fiberglass
strong, nonflammable
Growing demand for “green”
products with improvedproperties
Lighter weight, biodegradable
car parts, building panels
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Replace : mineral/synthetic fibers
and epoxy
With : natural fibers andbiodegradable plastic resins◦ Plant fibers, PLA, PHA’s
Ultimate Goal not just greensubstitutes, but superiorperformance
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Numerous plant sources◦ Hemp, Cotton, Jute, Linen, Kenaf
Different properties, but lots
of natural variation◦ Within the species, the field, the
plant
Complicates processing,engineering of product
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Kenaf Stalk in Cross Section Ayre et al.
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Annual (in our climate)
Time to harvest ~140
days Harvested with std
equipment
Decorticating (strippingbark)
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Property Cotton Kenaf GlassFiber Wall
Material Cellulose Lig-cel - Tensile
Strength
(MPa) 330-585 930 1800
Density 1.5-1.54 1.5 2.5 Modulus
(GPa) 4.5-12.6 53 69-73 Maximum
Strain 7-8% 1.6% 2.5-3% SpecificStiffness 0.85 3.6 2.98
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Retting: partial-degradation using indigenousmicrobes (traditionally)◦ Wet (ponds) or dry (in field) depending on plant
Digestion of pectins, hemicellulases, releaselignocellulosic fibers
Alternative Retting Methods◦ Enzymatic (expensive)
◦ Chemical (E.g. NaOH; cheap but destructive)
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NaOH Pectinase Natural Flora
*Microbially retted fibers haveincreased porosity
*Produce composites withsuperior damping, viscoelastic
properties
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Enrichments withpectin◦ From retting
solutions
Several Isolates◦ Aerobic
Bacillus spp.
Paenibacillus sp.◦ Anaerobic
Clostridium sp.
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Using isolates, can we speed up process orincrease uniformity?
So far: No and Yes
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D1 D2 D3 D4
?
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Performed 16S rDNAcommunity analysis
Universal PrimersTargeting variableregion 5
Sequencing on IonTorrent platform
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PRELIMINARY!
http://mg.bio.titech.ac.jp/vitcomic
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0
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Where are theBacillus spp.?Paenibacillus ?
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Do previous pectinolytic isolates establishthemselves during “natural” retting?
How does the community respond?
Can these data be applied to target newisolates?
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Customized fiber properties◦ Do different strains produce fibers with altered
properties?
Co-production during retting◦ Organic acids
◦ Ethanol
◦ Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
Final Product Biodegradation
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Students• David Visi
• Nok Prombutara
• Stephanie Simon
•
Ugoo Anieto• Leslie Perry
• Sarah Martínez
• Brittany Kiehler
Collaborators◦ UNT
◦ Nandika D’Souza
◦ Brian Ayre
◦ USDA
◦ Charles Webber
Charn Uswachoke International
Development Fund
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