UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
Knowledge & InformationKnowledge & Information as a as a basis to establish transboundary basis to establish transboundary cooperation: the experience cooperation: the experience of of
the North Western Sahara Aquifer the North Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS)System (NWSAS)
UNW-DPC International WorkshopUNW-DPC International WorkshopInstitutional capacity Development in Institutional capacity Development in
Transboundary BasinsTransboundary BasinsBonn, 10-12 November 2008Bonn, 10-12 November 2008
Ousmane S. DIALLOCoordinator of the Water Programme
Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel (OSS)
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
OUTLINE
1.Overview of the OSS & Water issues in the circum-Sahara
2.Key characteristics & issues of the NWSAS
3.Capacity in the context of IWRM
4.Knowledge & Information for transboundary cooperation
5.Lessons & Conclusion
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
1. OSS & Water issues in the circum-Sahara
22 African countries in the circum-Sahara
5 countries from the North
4 African Sub-Regional Organisations (IGAD, UMA, CENSAD, CILSS)
International & UN Organisations
Civil Society
TheThe Circum-Sahara Circum-Sahara regionregion
Joint management of shared WR for economic integration & sustainaible development in Africa
NWSAS
IAS
IGAD
SMAS
TTASLCAS
Work in progress on major transboundary aquifers
Generating, Managing & Disseminatinginformation to support sustainable NRM
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
Less than 9% of total renewable WR are in Africa
More than 300 millions of people are water-stressed in Africa
Water is a mojor stake in the circum-SaharaWater stress
PNUE, 2008PNUE, 2008
Renewable water per capita
PNUE, 2008PNUE, 2008
But Africa is endowed with a huge potential of WR
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
Environment
DegradationSustainability
Political &
Institutional
ConflictCooperation
Economical
FragmentationIntegration
Balance of compromises
A potential for cooperation & sustainable development
Objectives of transboundary cooperation
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
2. Key characteristics & issues of the NWSAS Aride to saharan climate
conditions Area: 1.03 million km2
Algeria: 700,000 km2
Libya: 250,000 km2
Tunisia: 80,000 km2
CI
CT
Fig. 1 : extension des formations du SASS
TC
IC Increased & intensive
abstraction Rate: 1.5 km3/y
Major threats & risks
Limited knowledge & capacity
WR: key developmental resource for the countries
Need for joint management & cooperation
Superposition of 2 main deep aquifer layers
Reserves: 30 000 km3
Recharge rate: 1 km3/y
LivestockLivestock
TourismTourism
AgriculturAgriculturee
Water supplyWater supply
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
The Consultation Mechanism
Technical tools Technical tools updateupdate
Institutional Institutional dynamicsdynamics
Political Political agendaagenda
2007: - Agreement on the structure, operation & funding modalities;- Ownership by the three countries;- Coordination Unit (CU) hosted by OSS.
2008: - Establishment of the CU
2005: Ministerial declaration on the consultation mechanism
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
3. Capacity in the context of IWRMDefinitions:
Capacity: the ability of individuals, institutions and societies to perform functions, solve problems, & set & achieve objectives in a sustainable manner. (UNDP)
Capacity Development: the process through which individuals, organisations & societies obtain, strengthen and maintain the capabilities to set & achieve their own development objectives over time. (UNDP)
Political will and a strategic approach to address the issues of capacity building are essential.
The biggest challenges that must be addressed to reach the African Water Vision (2025) and the MDGs is human & institutional capacity building (AMCOW, PNAFCOM 2003).
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
Capacity required for sustainable joint management & development of shared WR based on IWRM:
- Technical:Technical: assesment/modeling, knowledge, M&E, information technology, hydrodynamics, infrastructure, utilities, geography, ecology, climate variability/change, link to national issues, etc.
- Institutional: strategic leadership, human resources, core resources, project & process management, external links, accountability & voice mechanisms, etc.
- Political: agreements, vision, joint development, integration, economy, hydrosolidarity, regulation, legislative, legal, etc.
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
Institutional Capacity DevelopmentInstitutional Capacity underlies the institution’s
performance. Capacity is understood as the six interrelated areas below.
Strategic leadershi
p
Dimensions of
human resource
s
Core resource
s
Project/ Programm
e manageme
nt
Process manageme
nt
Interinstitu-tional
linkages
1
2
3
4
5
6
Interrelated areas
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
Capacity Development steps in NWSAS
CapacityCapacity TechnicalTechnical
Institu- Institu- tionaltional
PoliticaPoliticall
4. K.& I. for transboundary cooperation
1
2
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
Knowledge improvement
RESULTS:RESULTS:
•Common mgt. tools Common mgt. tools & language & language • Understanding & Understanding & common vision common vision • Capacity to decide Capacity to decide & have common& have common solutionssolutions• Basin awarenessBasin awareness• CC: 1st step for CC: 1st step for adaptation strategyadaptation strategy
WHAT?WHAT?• • Water monitoring networksWater monitoring networks qty/qly; rech/absqty/qly; rech/abs• • Data & information mgnt.Data & information mgnt. system system • • Modeling: global & subModeling: global & sub -models -models • Training sessionsTraining sessionsWHY?WHY?• Assessment, hyrodynamicsAssessment, hyrodynamics• Accesible & reliable data, Accesible & reliable data, • System boudaries, scenarioSystem boudaries, scenario devpt., impacts, risksdevpt., impacts, risks• Data mgt. tools, dialogue, Data mgt. tools, dialogue, transboundary issuestransboundary issues
HOW?HOW?• Involvement of key Involvement of key stakeholders: commonstakeholders: common studies & surveys studies & surveys • • Development of mgt. toolsDevelopment of mgt. tools• • Training sessionsTraining sessions•• Scientific cooperationScientific cooperation
Technical Technical dimensiondimension
The case of the NWSAS
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
Joint management
of SWR
RESULTS:RESULTS:
•HR developed HR developed • Agreement onAgreement on structure & fundingstructure & funding modalities modalities • Improved legal &Improved legal &institutional context institutional context with enhanced with enhanced transparency & transparency & accountability accountability
WHAT?WHAT?• • Strategic leadershipStrategic leadership• • Dimensions of HRDimensions of HR• • Core resources Core resources • Project managementProject management• Process managementProcess management• Inter-institutional linkagesInter-institutional linkages
WHY?WHY?• Governance, StructureGovernance, Structure• HR needs, HR needs, •Infrastructure, TechnologyInfrastructure, Technology FinanceFinance• Planning, ImplementaionPlanning, Implementaion• M&E, CommunicationsM&E, Communications• Networks, Partnerships Networks, Partnerships
HOW?HOW?• Initial deliberation & talksInitial deliberation & talks• • Joint meetings (convergenceJoint meetings (convergence & consensus)& consensus)• • Capacity of national bodiesCapacity of national bodies
InstitutionInstitutional al
dimensiondimension
The case of the NWSAS
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
Transboundary cooperation
RESULTS:RESULTS:
• Political willPolitical will• MinisterialMinisterial DeclarationDeclaration• Full ownership: Full ownership: process driven byprocess driven by the countriesthe countries• Transboundary Transboundary cooperation in placecooperation in place
WHAT?WHAT?• • Political commitmentPolitical commitment• • Structure of the jointStructure of the joint management framework management framework • • Operation modalitiesOperation modalities• Funding modalitiesFunding modalities
WHY?WHY?• Transboundary cooperationTransboundary cooperation• Governance of shared WRGovernance of shared WR• Agreement for equal invol-Agreement for equal invol- vement of the countriesvement of the countries• Facilitation of political willFacilitation of political will & action& action• Allocation of resourcesAllocation of resources
HOW?HOW?• Advocacy for joint Advocacy for joint managementmanagement• • Trust & ConfidenceTrust & Confidence• • Ministerial DeclarationMinisterial Declaration•• AgreementsAgreements
Political Political dimensiondimension
The case of the NWSAS
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
5. Lessons and Conclusion1. In North Africa, GWR are crucial & strategic
resources.
2. Knowledge improvement is a prerequisite for the management of these resources.
3. In TGWR, IWRM is essential to start with technical consultation by developing monitoring & management tools.
4. Need to involve people affected by taking into consideration theirs concerns with the information they understand.
5. Progress cannot be made unless strong need & political committment are in place.
6. Outcomes must be relevant to policy makers & win their willingness to make necessary changes.
7. The institutional context: general principles apply, but need to be adapted to the specifics.
UNW-DPC
10-12 Nov. 2008
5. Lessons and Conclusion8. Provide advice to AMCOW:strengthening
science-policy interactions.
9. Advice AMCOW for public information & awareness on the importance of GWR in Africa.
10.Strengthen GWR management & protection institutions & to build capacity in those areas.
11.Promote cooperative management of shared aquifers.
12.Promote education & training & trigger national & regional initiatives to address capacity building for users & decision-makers.
13.Result: appropriate capacity (policy & legislation); appropriate institutions & human resources to plan & implement sustainable GW utilisation