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Urban Growth and Decline - Sydney’s development
Issues in the Australian Environment: Urban Processes
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The Development of Sydney
This concentric model doesn’t fully explain Sydney’s development
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Here’s another way of representing Sydney
As a coastal city, Sydney doesn’t have a circular pattern
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Sydney can’t develop far to the east
Sydney has developed most to the west
But this still doesn’t tell the full story
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Sydney has branched out
What might have caused this?
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Railways greatly influenced Sydney’s development
1850
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1890s
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1910
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1930
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1965
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2004
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Rails was important until the 1950s
Central Station 1931
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Tramways also influenced city growth
Steam trams were already in use by the 1870s
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Trams quickly replaced carriages
Tramways were electrified from 1898 onwards
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By 1932 Sydney had the world’s biggest urban tramway system
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Growth also influenced by Tramways
Western & South Western lines at greatest extent
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Growth also influenced by Tramways
Eastern suburbs lines at greatest extent
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Trams began to be phased out from the 1950s onwards as car and truck transport developed
George St, 1950s
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Car and Motor Lorry Transport
FJ Holdens were mass produced in Australia in the 1950s. This allowed people to live further away from railway and tram networks.
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Car and Motor Lorry Transport
Bedford trucks, like this one, allowed businesses to develop further away from railway and tram networks
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Car & Trucks and Buses
By the 1960s cars, trucks and buses were major forms of transport in Sydney
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Sydney’s Growth & Projected Growth
Sydney’s extensive suburban growth, called suburbanisation, depended on motor vehicles and continues to do so.
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Stages in transport development
•Walking•Horse & cart•Railways•Steam trams•Electric trams •Cars & motor lorries
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Sydney’s CBD From Cahill Expressway
Little visible evidence from the 1788 British settlement remains.
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57 Lower Fort St, The Rocks
Early 19th Century (Georgian) Wealthy Merchant Housing
At this time most of Sydney's wealthy merchants, lived on the ridge at what became known as The Rocks
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Clyde St, Millers Point
Workers Housing from 1830s
Poorer people lived lower down the hill closer to the port and work
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Gloucester Rd, The Rocks
Urban Decline circa 1900
Poor housing conditions and a Bubonic plague outbreak in 1900 led to many dilapidated buildings being demolished
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Hereford St, Glebe
1880s – 1890s Residential
Originally a wealthy suburb that experienced from the 1920s
Gentrification has been occurring in Glebe since the 1970s.
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Turner Ave, Haberfield
1900 - 1914 Federation style
Part of the Established zone it developed after 1900
Trams were important to the suburb’s development
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Shipley Ave, Concord
1918 - 1930 California Bungalows
Part of the Established zone it developed after 1920
Trams were the main transport. Suburbs like this grew rapidly
Most trees cleared. Foreign species planted
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Strickland Rd, Granville
1950s Public Housing (fibro – asbestos cement)
Developed after 1950. New mass produced building materials like fibro
Cars were important to the suburb’s development. New roads, land clearing
Most trees cleared, top soil sometimes removed and sold
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Goondah St, Lansdowne
1960s Brick Veneer Bungalows
Developed after 1960. brick and some timber construction
Cars were important to the suburb’s development. New roads, land clearing
Most trees cleared, top soil sometimes removed and sold
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Rivendell Cresc, Werrington Downs
1970s to 1980s Brick Veneer Bungalows
Developed through 1970s and 1980s. Brick veneer construction
Cars were important to the suburb’s development. New roads, land clearing
More trees left, less top soil removed and sold
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Forbes Way, Macquarie Links
1990s
Most trees already cleared for previous farming activities
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Halcyon Drive, Kellyville
2000s
Most trees already cleared for previous dairy farming activities
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Second & Fifteenth Aves, Middleton Grange
2000s Rural Urban Fringe
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Lombard Close, Glebe
1990s Residential – Urban renewal
In Glebe Urban Renewal has also been an important process.
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Arden St, Coogee in Randwick Municipality
1920s houses demolished as part of the 1960s Urban renewal – unsympathetic infill
Noise and dust from construction
Driveway & basement parking – air pollution
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The Impact of Urban DevelopmentSydney’s development has had an impact on both the
biophysical and the built environments
Biophysical Built
•Mangroves cleared & coast land filled in•Sydney basin cleared of natural vegetation•Top soils removed•Surfaces sealed & Water run-off more rapid•Polluted storm water to rivers and sea•Sewage piped to coast dumped in the sea•Chemical from factories into rivers & sea•Bilge water from ships pollutes harbour•Fuel oils into coastal waters•Coal burning increases air pollution•Cars cause photo-chemical smog
•Urban decline – unsanitary housing•Urban decline – vermin such as rats•Urban decline – poverty concentrated•Urban renewal – Dust and noise•Urban renewal – unsympathetic infill•Urban consolidation – Overshadowing•Urban consolidation – Pressure on services•Urban consolidation – More traffic•Urban consolidation – Less industrial pollution•Urban consolidation – Return of trams•Gentrification – Street trees and playgrounds•Gentrification - more restaurants
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Sydney’s Natural VegetationFarming and Suburbanisation has led to extensive clearing of natural vegetation
Mangroves clear and marshes filled in to increase coastal and port land
The Cumberland Plain in Western Sydney still has some remnant woodlands