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URBAN TRANSPORT IN KATHMANDU VALLEY:PROBLEMS AND MITIGATING MEASURES
By:Er. Bishnu Prasad Devkota
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Outlines of Presentation
• Urban Transport in Kathmandu– An Introduction – Problems– Mitigating Measures
• Conclusion• References
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An Introduction
Ref: July 2004, IGES (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies)
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Problems
Expansion of Built-up Area in Kathmandu Valley
Land Use Change in Kathmandu Valley (Source : MoPIT/JICA, 2012
• Urban Sprawl and Rapid Population Growth
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Problems Cont…
• Urban Sprawl and Rapid Population Growth– 3% of total land in 1967– 25% of total land in 2011 (Ref: IGES)
– Population 0.4 millions (1967)– 5.1 millions (2011) (Ref: CBS)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
Population of Kathmandu Valley
year
Popu
latio
n
Ref: UN, World Urbanization Prospects
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Problems Cont…
• Rapid Growth of Vehicle Ownership– Till fy-2012/13 = 7 lakh vehicles
– 92% were private vehicles– 80 % were motorbikes
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Problems Cont…
• Less Space for Non-Motorized Transport– Large part of walking and cycling has been
replaced by motorbikes (MoPIT/JICA, 2012)
By: Devkota, B.P., @New Road, Kathmandu, August-2014
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Problems Cont…
• In-efficient and Un-reliable Public Transport– 2.5% of total vehicle fleet
27.6% of travel mode share
– lower occupancy vehicles about 94%– PT drivers practice reckless driving (CEN/CANN)
– More and more people are shifting from riding PT to cars and motorbikes.
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Problems Cont…
• Lack of Proper Road Safety Measures– In Kathmandu Valley• 5000 road accidents • 150 fatalities• 400 serious injuries• 3300 minor injuries
(Ref: Metropolitan Traffic Police Division, Kathmandu-2068/69)
049/
050
050/
051
051/
052
052/
053
053/
054
054/
055
055/
056
056/
057
057/
058
058/
059
059/
060
060/
061
061/
062
062/
063
063/
064
064/
065
065/
066
066/
067
067/
068
020406080
100120140160180
No. of Deaths on road accidents (Kathmandu)
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Problems Cont…
• Air Quality and Environmental Issues– Transport sector contributing about 63% of PM10.
– Air pollution is responsible for 1600 premature death in Kathmandu Valley (MoEST 2005)
– Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) has been steadily increasing (CEN/ENPHO, 2003)
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Problems Cont…
• Lack of Coordination Among Institutions involved in road
DoR
Munici-palities
NTA
DoWSS NEA
DoTMPo
or C
oord
inda
tion
Poor
Coo
rdin
datio
n
Poor Coordindation
Poor Coordindation
By: Devkota B.P., Kupandole-Sanepa Road Link, Feb,2014
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Problems Cont…
• Lack of Long-Term Vision and Plan– 20-years plan not updated
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Mitigating Measures
• Conventional Approach– Infrastructure Development
• Sustainable Approach– Integrated Public Transportation (PT)with priority
over all other modes of the road– Enhancement of Non Motorized Transport (NMT)– Land Use Plan – Road Safety Measures– Transportation System Management (TSM)
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Mitigating Measures Cont…
• Conventional Approach– Expansion of existing roads– Design and construction of new roads
Is this the long term solution?
Hence, No long term solution?
We Need,Sustainable Approach as
Long Term Solution
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Mitigating Measures Cont…
• Enhancement of NMT– Sufficient space of side walk for pedestrians– Integrated cycle lane
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Mitigating Measures Cont…
• Integrated, Prioritized and Efficient Public Transportation– Restructuring of public transport system– Development of integrated mass transit system– Enforcement of regulations and standards
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Mitigating Measures Cont…
• The Push and Pull Approach
Ref: KSUT
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Mitigating Measures Cont…
• Improve Road Safety– 4-Es • Engineering• Enforcement• Emergency Response• Education
• Land Use Plan– Promoting Public Space– Road route planning
Ref: KSUT
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Mitigating Measures Cont…
• Transport System Management (TSM)– Trip generation– Trip distribution– Modal split– Trip assignment
AVOID• Reducing the need to travel• Transport as derived demand
SHIFT• Changing mode choice• Mass transit
IMPROVE• Increasing the energy efficiency of vehicles• Efficient Transport operations
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Conclusions
• Conventional approach of infrastructure would comply as short term solution
• Sustainable approach of transportation system management would comply as long term solution
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References• JICA Urban Road Development in Kathmandu Valley 1993• Urban Transport Planning by Meyer M.D. and Miller E.J.• Population Census 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics’ (CBS)• Publications of GIZ SUTP Project, www.supt.org• Ted Talk, www.ted.com• Global Status Report-2009, WHO• Lectures notes on transportation system engineering, by prof. Tom V.
Mathew• Publications from Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), july
2004• World Bank Publications• United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects
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Thank . you
Questions?Suggestions