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URBANIZATION, PUBLIC SPACE AND URBAN SUSTAINABLE MAMAGMENT IN WEST AFRICA :
SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND INCLUSION PROCESSES IN DAKAR AND NOUAKCHOTT
EPFL and SDC Cooperation Day
23 November 2006
Speakers: Yves Pedrazzini, Moussa Keita, Moussa Diop, Guéladio Cissé
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Part 1Background, Objectives, …
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URBAN DEVELOPMENT : BIG CHALLENGE FOR THE WORLD
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RESEARCH LOCATIONS
Nouakchott
Abidjan
Dakar
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FOUR INSTITUTIONS FOR A NORTH-SOUTH PARTNERSHIP
>> CSRS - Swiss Center for Scientific Research (Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique), Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Dr. Guéladio Cissé, co-requerant>> ENDA Graf, Dakar, Senegal
Mamadou N’Diaye, coordinatorMoussa Diop, researcher
>> INRSP - National Institute of Research on Public Health (InstitutNational de Recherche en Santé Publique), Nouakchott, Mauritania
Dr. Moussa Keita, coordinator and researcher>> EPFL - LaSUR
Dr. Yves Pedrazzini, co-requerantJérôme Chenal, International coordinator
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GENERAL CONTEXT OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT
>>>> General frameworkUrbanization of Africa as a main Global change process Globalization and local specificitiesUrban Poverty versus Development ?
>>>> TheoryUrban Planning (a critical approach)Public space: a place for public practices
>>>> ApplicationParticipatory research-action >>> « tools » for a sustainable urban
management
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GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH
Analyze of the links between urbanization process, mutations of Public space and modalities of Urban management in two big cities of West Africa
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
>>>> How could the observation of the mutations of Public spaceshelp to understand the changes of the African big city?
>>>> What is the role of the public spaces in the processes of social inclusion and exclusion?
>>>> What are the specificities of these processes on local levels, in each city?
>>>> How could we create a theoretical and pragmatic framework for a sustainable urban management in West Africa?
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METHODOLOGY
>> Interdisciplinary Team and Methods
>> Qualitative Methods
>> Participatory approaches
>> Actor(stakeholder)-oriented approach
>> Dialogues with Public actors
>> International Research Workshops
>> Visual Anthropology
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ORIGINALITY OF THE RESEARCH
>>>> Improving the Public space concept in Urban Africa
>>>> Testing the strategic role of public spaces for Sustainableurban management
>>>> Elaboration of new tools for urban management
>>>> Amelioration of the quality of public spaces studied by a participatory research work with local stakeholders
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Part 2Case studies from the 2 fields…
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CASE STUDIES : CITY OF DAKAR, SENEGAL
An hyper-urban context
> Capital city> High density> Challenge of transport> Uncontrolled market activities> Governance> Decentralization
>>>> Multiplicity of challenges and actors in the management of public spaces
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DAKAR - ZONE 1 : THE PETERSEN BUS STATION
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DAKAR - ZONE 1 : THE PETERSEN BUS STATION
>>>> Growth of the basic needs for mobility and transports in direction of the Plateau (downtown)
>>>> Concentration of all administrative and commercial functions in the Plateau
>>>> Creation of Petersen in 1990 as a consequence of the Implementation of a « Circulation Plan of the Plateau »
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DAKAR - ZONE 2 : THE SYNDICATE MARKET
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DAKAR - ZONE 2 : THE SYNDICATE MARKET
>>>> Difficulties for access to the food goods
>>>> Re-organization of market activities in downtown displaced Syndicate Market to the periphery
>>>> Zone for reception of migrants (from the countryside or urban displaced people)
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MAIN RESULTS IN DAKAR
>>>> Bus station and market places as public spaces and new economicalplaces
>>>> Urban infrastructures as conflicts and negociation spaces
>>>> Station and markets : opportunities for the inclusion of poorestactors
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CASE STUDIES : CITY OF NOUAKCHOTT, MAURITANIA
>>> The market city
> Capital city> Urban sprawl> Informal land occupations> Predominance of the commercial activities
>>>> Multiplicity of challenges and actors in the management of public spaces
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NOUAKCHOTT - ZONE 1 : THE SOCOGIM MARKET
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NOUAKCHOTT - ZONE 1 : THE SOCOGIM MARKET
>>>> Creation in 1992 to adress the problem of informal market
>>>> Exploitation of « little » merchants inside the Market place
>>>> Instability of informal business
>>>> Hygiene and Sanitation problems
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NOUAKCHOTT - ZONE 2 : THE REINSTALLED KEBBA
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NOUAKCHOTT - ZONE 2 : THE REINSTALLED KEBBA
>>>> Reinstallation in 2002 of displaced inhabitants of the Kebba Slum
>>>> New « Citizenship feeling » of the replaced people
>>>> Amelioration of hygiene in spite of Water scarcity
>>>> Increasing perception of a « common urban identity »because of the better infrastructures
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MAIN RESULTS IN NOUAKCHOTT
>>> SOCOGIM market place is not a « private » public space
>>> SOCOGIM and Kebba as risky spaces
>>> SOCOGIM and Kebba, economical and housingopportunities for the poors
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Part 3 Capacity building, cooperation,
partnerships, outlook …
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CAPACITY BUILDING 1: TRAINING
>>>> 1 PHD SOUTH AND 1 PHD NORTH (IN PROGRESS)
>>>> 2 DEA NORTH
>>>> 1 DEA SOUTH
>>>> 3 « MAITRISES » SOUTH
>>>> 1 DESS SOUTH
>>>> 1 INTERNATIONAL FELLOWSHIP
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CAPACITY BUILDING 2: PUBLICATIONS
ON DAKAR:
• Maîtrise of geography : « Dynamics, transformation and management of public spaces in urban environment: the Petersen Bus Station in Dakar», by ElHadji Mamadou N’Diaye, UGB (SL), 2005, 152pResults: a place of centralization and polarization of inter-urban traffic between Dakar and the suburbs, a lot of challenges, conflicts, perspectives, spatial dynamics and mutations.
• DEA of sociology : « The market of Syndicat in Pikine : a space of integration and social exclusion», by Salimata Kadam, UCAD, 2005, 70pResults : serious environmental risks, self affirmation of actors, organisational dynamics (factor of integration), informal management
• 3 Urban Letters, by Cheick Samba Wade
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CAPACITY BUILDING 3: PUBLICATIONS
ON NOUAKCHOTT :
- Study on an adapted sanitation system to a public space: the case of the SOCOGIM Market in Nouakchott. DESS in sanitary engineering , by Weddadiould Boilil, October 2004, 72p.Results : lack of technical and sanitary control of waste management in the market, non involvement of stakeholders in the wastes management; suggestion of managerial strategies.
- Public spaces in Nouakchott: case of SOCOGIM Market in Nouakchott. DEA in geography, by Timothé Bronkhorst and Marie Pineaudau, June 2005,155pResults: influence and expansion of the informal trade, changes in trade practices due to the market structure.
- Public spaces in Kebba (slum) : perception and usages by the populations. Study report by Doulo Traoré, December 2005, 15pResults : awareness of the populations on the settlement management andmore knowledge of the available public spaces.
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CAPACITY BUILDING 4: PUBLICATIONS
ON NOUAKCHOTT (in progress):
>>> Maitrise in Geography on « New public spaces in Nouakchott - the example of the restaurants in Tevragh-Zeina » (Boubacar Koita, 2006)
>>> Maitrise in Geography on « the role of commercial activities in the dynamics of public spaces in Nouakchott : the case of Kennedy Avenue » (Mahamédou Diagana, 2006)
>>> Study case on “the social perception of the SOCOGIM market by its actors”(Moussa Keita, 2007, to be published)
>>> Process of Private appropriation of the Space of the street in the popular neighborhoods
(Wélé Abdoulaye)
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PARTNERSHIP FOR COOPERATION
>>>> 4 international annual workshops
>>>> 4 inter-African workshops and many mutual field visits
>>>> Thematic reinforcement of traditional activities of South Institutions (CSRS Abidjan - ENDA Dakar - INRSP Nouakchott)
>>>> Development of new scientific activities on Urban Topic in South
>>>> Links with International Networks, as NCCR N-S in West Africa
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OUTLOOK AND PERSPECTIVES: IN GENERAL
>>>> PhD in EPFL on « Urbanization, city design and the urban model in Western Africa : the position and stakes of the public space”, by Jérôme Chenal, LaSUR
>>>> PhD on « Dynamics of Public spaces, key issues and challenges: which model of sustainable governance », M. M’Boup, UCAD, Dakar
>>>> Research in Visual Anthropology in Dakar, Nouakchott and Abidjan
>>>> Publications of Scientific articles (“papers” )and final research reports
>>>> Workshops of capitalization in Research-action in Dakar and Nouakchott
>>>> Self Evaluation Workshops in Dakar, Nouakchott and Abidjan
>>>> Two International methodological seminars in Nouakchott (2007) and Dakar (2008)
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Thank you very much
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OUTLOOK AND PERSPECTIVES: IN DAKAR
>>> Memoire de DEA on : « Urban management and public spaces: challenges and conflicts in the management of the Pétersen Bus Station »
>>> Scientific article on: « Public spaces, social actors and sustainable governance »
>>> Scientific article on: « constraints and obstacles to the Participatory gouvernanceof Public spaces »
>>> Scientific articles on urban issues
>>> Visual Anthropology of public spaces in Dakar
>>> Themes for dialogues between identified actors of urban spaces : Security, Health, Environment, Fiscality
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>>> Memoire on « New public spaces in Nouakchott - the example of the restaurants in Tevragh-Zeina », by Boubacar Koita, 2006
>>> Memoire on « the role of commercial activities in the dynamics of public spaces in Nouakchott : the case of Kennedy Avenue », by Mahamédou Diagana, 2006
>>> Position paper on “the social perception of the SOCOGIM market by its actors”, by Moussa Keita (to be published in January 2007)
>>> Position paper on “the Process of Private appropriation of the Space of the street in the popular neighborhoods”, by Wélé Abdoulaye (to be published in February 2007)
OUTLOOK AND PERSPECTIVES: IN NOUAKCHOTT
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MAIN EXPECTED RESULTS FOR JUNE 2008
>>>> Constitution of an interdisciplinary research network of Scientists and institutions of the North and the South
>>>> Promotion of a scientific coopération
>>>> Formation of junior researchers to urban research in Africa
>>>> Elaboration of instruments for sustainable urban management and planning
>>>> Publication of scientific articles and books
>>>> Continuation of research activities by teaching
>>>> Promotion of Social integration of the Urban poorest actors