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Urban Metabolism Analysis to Be2er Understand Complex Urban
Systems Stephanie Pincetl, Director California Center for
Sustainable Communi?es October 14, 2014
Interna?onal Symposium on Life Cycle Assessment for Pavements
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Urban Metabolism
• The sum total of the technical and socio-‐economic processes that occur in ci?es resul?ng in growth, produc?on of energy and elimina?on of waste.
Kennedy et al 2007
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• Our built environment is a large in-‐use repository or stock humans have accumulated
• Humans use approximately 60 billion tons of material every year, or the equivalent of the natural produc?on of all plants on earth
• Urban metabolism studies are the quan?fica?on of the flows into ci?es or communi?es (electrons, water, wood, air, other materials, food. . .) flows out as pollu?on, other waste or losses in the form of heat and distribu?on losses, plus what has remained inside.
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Brussels, Belgium early 1970s. Souce: Duvigneaud and Denayeyer-‐De Smet 1977
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What is Missing in UM Today?
• Systems approach – LCA and environmental impacts (EIO-‐LCA)
• Embedded Energy • Ground-‐up analysis • Linking to policy drivers – the so] infrastructures of codes, conven?ons, rules, laws and cultural expecta?ons.
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Los Angeles County, a UM 2.0 Experiment in Research
• UM a good integra?ve framework • Lends itself to systems analysis • With more ground-‐up data, relevance could be enhanced
• Highly empirical to start • Policy drivers to be derived, or selected. • Mission: science for ac?on
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NASA views of Los Angeles County Image above: sensors for GHG emissions Monitoring, proposed by NASA
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Our Approach
• Quan?fying flows from the ground up • Matching the flows to – census characteris?cs, – Building types, vintages, sizes, construc?on types – NAICS codes – Cal Enviro Screen and other as possible
• Pucng a face on the uses/users • Linking to embedded energy and materials
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Different than top down – NASA– or imputed use generated by models or generalizing from a few studies based on self-‐reported data or small survey samples. Can yield baselines and longitudinal understandings.
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Urban Metabolism analysis of Los Angeles County
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* CCSC has already completed for LA County (25% of statewide energy consumpBon)
A Flexible and Responsive Research Platform
ENERGY DATA REPOSITORY
Researchers
Local Gov’t
Utilities
Agencies
CA State Utilities
County Assessor
Census
Building Energy Data
Weather & Climate Models
DATABASE
Standardize Aggregate, Analyze, Evaluate
Se
cu
rity
P
erm
iss
ion
s
DATA SOURCES END USERS
Other
(EE,LCA, Solar, etc.)
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Median residen*al electricity use by city council district FY 2011-‐2012, LADWP
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• Interac?ve GIS tools allow users to play with data and get a big picture sense of how energy pa2erns vary across space and relate to different variables
• h2p://devmaps.environment.ucla.edu/profiles/neighborhoods/
• h2p://devmaps.environment.ucla.edu/profiles/ci?es/ • h2p://devmaps.environment.ucla.edu/memo/results
• h2p://devmaps.environment.ucla.edu/ci?es/
Sample Interactive Maps
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Quin*le Ranking of Los Angeles County Industry Sectors Economic Round Table
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Embedded GHGs in Urban Fabric
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Los Angeles Embedded Energy
• Single Family energy factors
Chester et al. 2014
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Factors by Category and Time Period Chester et al
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Building Count by Vintage and Type Chester et al 2014
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GHG Emissions by Vintage and Type Chester 2014
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Next Steps
• Matching up the buildings and current energy use
• Developing trade-‐off analysis between densifica?on and re-‐use and new building
• Thinking about roads and freeways and what the embedded energy means
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Income Water Consumption
Mini, C., T.S. Hogue, and S. Pincetl, 2014: PaMerns and Controlling Factors of ResidenBal Water Use in Los Angeles, California, Water Policy, doi:10.2166/wp.2014.029
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NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION
California Center for Sustainable Communi?es at UCLA Grants: NSF WSC #1204235, Haynes Founda?on
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NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION
California Center for Sustainable Communi?es at UCLA Grants: NSF WSC #1204235, Haynes Founda?on
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Next Steps and Developing the Conceptual Framework
• Funding to expand to all of Southern California and the rest of the state
• Developing policy briefs and ac?onable analysis for stake holders
• Using the research to help move to a post carbon energy system
• Publishing peer reviewed papers and a web atlas • Working on theorizing this approach under: Thick Mapping, an IntegraBve Framework.