Download - U.S. Attitudes After the World Wars
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Double V Campaign• V is for Victory over fascism in
Europe
• V is for Victory over racism at home
• Civil Rights philosophy of the troops in WWII
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Cold War Intro.VocabSee Page 436 or dictionary
1. Satellite nations2. Iron curtain3. Cold War4. Containment5. Truman
Doctrine6. Marshall Plan7. Berlin Airlift8. NATO
9. Collective security10. Warsaw Pact11.HUAC12.McCarthyism13.Blacklist14.Conformity—
doing what others do
15.Inflation—high prices
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Cold War: Issues and ImagesTruman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter,
Reagan, Bush1945-1991
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U.S. Attitudes After the World Wars
WWI—1917-1918• Back to isolationism• Roaring 20s • Recognized USSR• Women gained the vote and
other rights
• League of Nations—rejected by U.S.
• Great Depression—30s
• Reluctant for treaties—no allies• Avoided military conflict until
Pearl Harbor
WWII—1941-1945• Focus on foreign affairs• Conservative 50s• Cold War against USSR• Women left the work place
and went home for a baby boom
• United Nations—led by U.S.
• Prosperity with inflation
• Eager for treaties—alliance with Western Europe (NATO)
• On constant military alert—Korean War, Vietnam War
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Film: The Cold WarWrite a fact for each topic
1. Containment2. Berlin Crisis3. NATO and Warsaw Pact4. Nuclear Arms Race5. Berlin Wall6. Fidel Castro and Cuba7. Domino Theory8. Détente9. From Détente to Evil Empire
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Film: Post-War U.S.A.—write one fact for each topic
1. Post War Boom2. Fair Deal for Americans3. Crabgrass Frontier4. Cold War5. Cold War at Home6. McCarthyism: the Second Red Scare7. Civil Rights Movement8. The Wild Ones9. Post-war Legacy
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Common experience of Cold War Presidents
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U.S. Elections• 1948: Truman (DEM) defeated Dewey
• 1952: Eisenhower (“Ike”—REPUB) defeated Stevenson
• 1956: Eisenhower won re-election (over Stevenson)
• 1960: Senator John Kennedy (DEM) defeated Vice-President Richard Nixon
• 1964: Vice-President Johnson (DEM) defeated Goldwater
• 1968: Vice-President Nixon (REPUB) defeated Vice-President Humphrey
• 1972: President Nixon won re-election (over McGovern)
• 1974: Vice-President Ford assumed presidency after Nixon’s resignation
• 1976: Governor Carter (DEM) defeated Ford
• 1980: Governor Reagan (REPUB) defeated President Carter
• 1984: President Reagan re-elected over VP Mondale
• 1988: Vice-President Bush (REPUB) defeated Governor Dukakis
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What do we do about Germany?
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Berlin (located in East Germany)
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The United Nations• http://www.un.org/en/
• Located in NYC—midtown Manhattan
• Current Secretary General is Ban Ki-Moon of South Korea
• Peace-keeping organization
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Parts of the UN• General Assembly: 5 delegates from each nation—one vote per nation
1. Secretary General2. Trusteeship Council3. Economic and Social
Council4. International Court of
Justice (15 justices)—meets in The Hague, Netherlands
5. Security Council—5 permanent members (US, UK,France,China,Russia) and 10 rotating members
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• Evaluate efforts by global organizations to undermine U.S. sovereignty through the use of treaties
• Consider the Iraq War in 2003
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Truman and Post War Tensions—Can he handle Stalin?
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Competition of words, weapons, and influence
U.S.A.• Capitalism• Democracy• Influence in Western
Europe• Atomic weapons—1945• NATO (military
alliance)• Pro-Democratic
influences over rest of world
• CIA
USSR• Communism• Dictatorship• Influence in Eastern
Europe• Atomic Weapons—1949• Warsaw Pact (military
alliance)• Pro-Communist
influences over rest of the world
• KGB
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Other Ideological Differences
U.S.A.• “freedom of religion”—
first amendment• Separation of church
and state• First amendment• “In God we trust” on
currency• “Under God” added to
the pledge in 1950s
USSR• “Religion is the opium of
the masses.” –Karl Marx• All religious practices
were officially illegal• Exception: could not be
enforced in Poland• Elevation of Karol Wojtyla
was very embarrassing (Pope John Paul II who survived an assassination attempt and plot)
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The Iron Curtain
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Soviet Blockade led to the Berlin Airlift
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The Marshall Plan--aid to Europe
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Containment—keep communism from spreading
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NATO
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Map Activity• Russia is considered landlocked because
their access to warm water is limited
• Their ports ice over for most of the year
• This makes them more aggressive in the area near the Black Sea or Caspian Sea
• Eastern European satellite nations become Russian’s “buffer” from invasion from the West
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Film: 1946-1952, The Best Yearshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VdXTw4q6y8
GOOD—Security
List 10 examples
1. G.I. Bill2. …
BAD--Fear
List 10 examples
1. Unemployment2. …
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The Rosenbergs
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Nixon exposes Alger Hiss, a state department employee, as a communist spy
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FYI• Alger Hiss actually was in the group
that accompanied FDR to Yalta!
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McCarthyism—Red ScareHUAC: ‘‘Are you a member of the Communist Party?’’
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‘‘When a great democracy is destroyed, it will not be because of enemies from without, but rather because of enemies from within.’’
Senator Joseph McCarthy,1950
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“Have you no sense of decency, sir?”
Response to McCarthy by a U.S. Army officer accused of communist sympathies
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Edward R. Murrow• WWII European war
correspondent• Anchor on the CBS
Evening News (radio and later TV)
• Publicly challenged McCarthy and was accused of communist sympathies
• Helped end the “Witch Hunt” investigations
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The Venona Papers• Confirmed
existence of some spies working in the federal government
• Papers made public in 1995 under Freedom of Information Act
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Early Cold Warriors• Dean Acheson—Truman’s secretary of state (NATO)
• George Marshall—Truman’s secretary of state and later secretary of defense
• George Kennan—U.S. diplomat in USSR (father of ‘‘containment’’)
• Allen Dulles—Ike’s head of CIA
• John Foster Dulles—Ike’s secretary of state
• Richard Nixon—Senator who exposed Alger Hiss (communist spy) and Ike’s vice-president
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China became Communist in 1949—Red China
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U.S. Recognized Taiwan as the True Democratic China
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Chinese Communist RevolutionMainland China (Communist)Leader: Mao Zedong
Taiwan (Democratic)Leader: Chiang Kai-Shek
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The Korean War (1950-53)• UN Police Action
• North Korea vs. South Korea
• Pyongyang vs. Seoul
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MacArthur Removed for Insubordination
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Truman Doctrine Eisenhower Doctrine
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Cold War Strategies• Collective security• Brinksmanship• Massive retaliation• Mutual Assured Destruction
(MAD)• Flexible Response• Military Industrial Complex• Deterrent• CIA• NORAD• Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles• Space race• Detente
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“Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired, signifies in the final sense a theft from those who hunger and are not fed…”
President Dwight David Eisenhower
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‘‘ In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.’’
President Eisenhower’s Farewell Address, 1961
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‘‘Duck and Cover!’’• http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0K_LZDXp0I
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End of Part 1—Review Terms• Cold War• Yalta• Satellite• Containment• Iron Curtain• Marshall Plan• Truman Doctrine• West Germany/East Germany• West Berlin/East Berlin• Berlin Airlift• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization• Warsaw Pact• Atomic Bombs• Eisenhower
• United Nations• Security Council• Chiang Kai-Shek vs. Mao Zedong
in China• Taiwan• Red Scare and HUAC• Senator McCarthy • Conformity• Nixon and Alger Hiss• Rosenbergs• Korean War (police action)• North Korea vs. South Korea • Pyongyang vs. Seoul• General MacArthur• Communism
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Sputnik—1957—Space Race
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Sputnik: Cause and Effect“This is our Sputnik moment.”
• “a technological Pearl Harbor”
• U.S. beginning a “space race”
• U.S. beginning NASA
• U.S. increasing requirements for math and science in schools
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‘‘Satellite’’Eastern Europe
A nation dominated politically and economically by another nation
Sputnik An object launched to
orbit Earth
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U2 Incident--1960
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Domino Theory--countries will fall to communism (President Eisenhower)
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JFK— ‘‘Ich bin ein Berliner’’
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JFK--Berlin Wall--1961
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Cuba became Communist in 1959—Castro was supported
by The USSR
• The Bay of Pigs Invasion was unsuccessful
• The U.S. promised not to invade Cuba
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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NASA
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Cold War and The ArtsVan Cliburn Bobby Fischer
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Vietnam
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Many Americans did not support fighting communism
in Vietnam
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President Johnson did not run for re-election in 1968—President Nixon began withdrawing
troops in 1971-73.
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War Powers Act
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Nixon and Mao in China
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Detente
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Strategic Arms Limitation TreatyNixon and Ford--SALT I Carter—SALT II
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Reagan and Gorbachev—STARTStrategic Arms Reduction
Treaty
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Bush and the Fall of the Wall
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Soviet Leaders• Lenin—1917-24• Stalin—1924-53• Malenkov—1953-55• Khruschev—1955-64• Brezhnev—1964-82• Andropov—1982-84• Chernenko—1984-85• Gorbachev—1984-91Yeltsin became president of Russia upon the
break up of the USSR (1991-2000)Current leader of Russia is Vladimir Putin
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Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe
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Cold War FavoritesBooks• Alas Babylon• The Right Stuff• Joy Luck Club• Pontiff• Biography of Ethel
Rosenberg
Movies• War Games• James Bond films• 13 Days• Good Night and Good Luck• Blast from the Past• Top Gun• Rocky Movies• Miracle• *Monster films• * Sci-fi films• * “Film Noir”
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End of Part 2—Review Terms• Domino theory• Berlin Wall• Sputnik• Space race• NASA• President Kennedy
vs. Khruschev• Cuba and Castro• Cuban Missile Crisis• The Vietnam War
• President Johnson• President Nixon• Nixon’s visit to China• Détente• Nuclear
weapons/arms race/arms limitations
• President Reagan• President G.H.W.Bush• Gorbachev