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US Involvement and Escalation
Section 30*2pp. 942-947
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LBJ Increased US Involvement
• LBJ sends troops to Vietnam in 1965
• Gen. Westmoreland asks for more troops– S. Vietnamese army was weak and
corrupt– 1967: 500,000 troops in Vietnam
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Fighting in the Jungle
• An Elusive Enemy – Vietcong guerilla tactics– Elaborate tunnels– Booby-trapped terrain– Jungle conditions
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Fighting in the Jungle• War of Attrition – Goal: Wear out
the enemy – Vietcong
remained determined • Aided by USSR and
China• Fighting to
preserve way of life
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Fighting in the Jungle• Peasants Don’t
Support U.S. – Napalm – Agent Orange– Search-and-destroy
missions
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Fighting in the Jungle
• Sinking Morale– Frustrated by • Guerilla warfare• Jungle conditions• Stalemate
– Began to self-medicate
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The Early War at Home
• The Great Society Suffers–War costs led to inflation and tax
increase– $6b reduction in Great Society programs
• Living-Room War– Daily reports of events and body count – LBJ’s credibility questioned
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A Nation Divided
Section 30*3pp. 948-953
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The Working Class War
• The Draft –Most Vietnam soldiers were drafted –Many tried to manipulate the system • Medical Excuses• Joined Coast Guard or National Guard• College Deferment
– 80% of soldiers from lower economic class
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The Working Class War • African Americans
in Vietnam – Disproportionately
used as ground troops
– MLK: “Cruel Irony”– Racism presents
challenge in platoons
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The Roots of Opposition
• The New Left– Growing youth movement of 1960’s– Called for changes in American society – Students for a Democratic Society – Free Speech Movement
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Protest Movement Emerges
• Doves Oppose the War– Change in college deferments causes
SDS to call for civil disobedience – Criticisms of War• It was a civil war• It drained US strength• It was immoral
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Protest Movement Emerges
• From Protest to Resistance – 200,000 draft violations during war • 4,000 imprisoned• 10,000 flee to Canada
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Protest Movement Emerges
• War Divides the Nation – In 1967, a majority of Americans
remained committed to the war– 70% thought protests were disloyal
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Protest Movement Emerges
• LBJ Remains Determined – Continued policy of slow escalation