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Use Patterns of Print and Electronic Journals
Carol Tenopir, University of Tennessee, School of Information Sciences
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Studies
• Surveys of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) members in cooperation with the AAS (2001-2002)
• Two user surveys with over 1,000 responses
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Surveys
• AAS 1 and 2• University of Tennessee Science, Social
Science and Engineering Faculty• University of Tennessee Medical Faculty• ORNL• National Surveys since 1977
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Two Surveys of AAS Members
• Survey 1 – Explored reading patterns and journal use– The questionnaire for Survey 1 can be found at
http://web.utk.edu/~tenopir/Astronomy_Survey.html • Survey 2
– Explored use of electronic journals and asked users to rate electronic journal features
– the questionnaire for Survey 2 is located at http://web.utk.edu/~tenopir/AAS_Survey.html
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Scholarly Article Readings by Work Field
72
204228
276322
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Engineers Physicists Astronomers Chemists Medical Faculty
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Time Spent Reading by Work Field
97118
147 153
198
0
50
100
150
200
Hou
rs sp
ent R
eadi
ng/Y
ear
Engineers Medical faculty Astronomers Physicists Chemists
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Time spent reading per article
81 minutes per articleEngineers
45 minutes per articlePhysicists
43 minutes per articleChemists
39 minutes per articleAstronomers
22 minutes per articleUniversity Medical Faculty
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Time Spent and Number of Articles Read
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1977 1978-1983
1984 1985-1989
1990-1993
1994-1998
2000-2001
Number ReadHours Spent
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Age of Readings
63
1.75.5
29.7
1938-19701971-19901991-20002001-2002
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Electronic Articles Reading
E-journals E-prints Other Total
AAS 58.6% 18.3% 2% 78.9%
ORNL 17.3% 3.6% 14% 34.9%
UTK 15% ~15% 5% ~35%
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Source of Electronic Articles
26.4
2618.5
29.2LibraryADSElectronic preprintOther
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Age of Digital Articles Read
AAS astronomers' readings from digital media
66%
34%
1 year old or lessMore than 1 year old
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Manner of Reading
3553 16
101
227
55 10 94
0
50
100
150
200
250
Print Electronic Other
With Great Care
With Attention toMain PointsJust to Get the Idea
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Preferred Formats (AAS)
19%23%
58%
Percent of printarticles read
Percent of electronicarticles downloadedand printed offPercent of electronicarticles read from thescreen
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Time Spent with Articles (Electronic Journals)
• Locating– 15.6 minutes per
article– 46.8 hours per year
• Reading– 39.4 minutes per article– 118.2 hours per year
165 hours per year total
CAUTION- Preliminary Analysis Only - These numbers will change.
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Time Spent with Articles(Print)
• Locating– 23.3 minutes per article– 18.6 hours per year
• Reading– 37.9 minutes per article– 30.3 hours per year
48.9 hours per year total
CAUTION- Preliminary Analysis Only - These numbers will change.
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Manner in which articles found
58
35
18
27
48
40
10
20
30
40
50
60
Electronic Print
Online Search
Citation in refereedjournalBrowsing
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Purposes of Reading
• Primary purposes – Primary research – Background research– Current awareness – Writing
• Secondary purposes – Teaching– Advising others– Preparing presentations.
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Value of Readings
• Inspiring new thinking• Improving the result of their task for which
the reading was done • Changing the focus of their work • Helping to resolve technical problems • Saving time or resources
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Reasons for reading
• keeping up with current developments as well as for obtaining definitive information. – 72 percent of astronomers rate electronic
journals as either “very useful” or “essential” for keeping up with recent developments.
• seeking definitive information– 96 percent of astronomers rate e-journals as
either “essential” or “very useful” for delivering definitive results.
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Awareness of E-print Services(in percent of respondents)
ArXiv.org PrePrint Other Network
AAS 84.5% 4.7% u/k
ORNL 49% 25% u/k
UTK 8% 6% 4%
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Contributions to Electronic Collections
• 60% of AAS member have submitted articles to arXiv.org/astro-ph services or other eprint services
• Very few use the eprint services as a complete substitute for publishing in journals
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Awareness of field specific electronic resources
• 97% of AAS members know about the NASA database ADS
• over 50% use it at least every other day. • 27% use ADS every day. • ADS usage statistics confirm this level of
activity.
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Overall Observations
• Scientists use journals and e-prints for research support, current awareness, fact-finding
• AAS members have come to rely more on electronic journals than many other user groups
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Attributes that enhance perceptions of usefulness (AAS)
• availability of both older and recent articles in electronic medium,
• forward and backward linkages • preprint access• machine readable data tables • links to the NASA Astrophysics Data
System (ADS)• inclusion of images and color