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Using Synchrophasors for Controlled Islanding
A Prospective Application in the Uruguayan Power System
Glauco Taranto & Ricardo Franco
IEEE PES General Meeting 2013
Vancouver, CanadaR. Franco, C. Sena, G. N. Taranto & A. Giusto, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2013.
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Follow up
• Last year’s panel on “Wide-Area Early Warning”, GM San Diego 2012.
• Voltage Instability Alarm by Real-Time Predictive Indicators – S. Corsi & G. Taranto
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Presentation Outline
• Motivation and objectives
• The Uruguayan Power System
• Out-of-Step protection
• Strategies Utilized for load shedding and controlled islanding
• Conclusions
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Motivation
• The Uruguayan Power System• Peak load of 1.7 GW
(80% in great Montevideo)
• Gen. capacity 2.6 GW (53% hydro, 47% thermal)
• Hydro generation
mostly in the North
• Thermal generation
concentrated in South
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Motivation (cont.)
• Outages in two 500 kV lines (Palmar – Montevideo)
• Can lead the system to a
complete blackout
• Fast controlled N-S separation by opening the 150 kV network, plus fast load shedding in the South
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Objective
• The comparison of three emergency protectionstrategies to maintain the system in operation with the smallest amount of load curtailment.
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Distance Protection and Power System Stability
ZA ZL ZB
VC VD
IL
EB 0EA
ABLA
L
C Zk
jkkZZZ
I
VZ
22
sincos
sincos
BA EEk
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Power Swing Detection
• Power Swing Blocking (PSB)
• Out-of-Step Tripping (OST)
Electrical Center (EC)
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The Strategies
• Strategy #0Load shedding in the South subsystem
• Strategy #1Controlled Islanding and load shedding with local
measurements
• Strategy #2Controlled Islanding and load shedding with
synchrophasor measurements
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Strategy #0
• This is the strategy in operation today;• The system remains connected in one
synchronous island through the 150 kV network;
• A very large amount of load is shed.
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Strategy #1
• Islanding scheme (IS) applied to pre-selectednetwork locations, preferably near the electricalcenter.
• IS performed by installing OST functions in thedistance (21) relays of preselected locations;
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Strategy #1
• Islanding scheme (IS) applied to pre-selectednetwork locations, preferably near the electricalcenter.
• IS performed by installing OST functions in thedistance (21) relays of preselected locations;
• A less amount of load is shed.
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Strategy #2
• Controlled Islanding and load shedding withsynchrophasor measurements
• Power Swing Detection (PSD) and PredictiveOut-Of-Step Tripping (OOST) algorithmspatented by Guzman-Casillas and SchweitzerEngineering Laboratories, Inc. (SEL).
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Strategy #2
• Controlled Islanding and load shedding withsynchrophasor measurements
• Power Swing Detection (PSD) and PredictiveOut-Of-Step Tripping (OOST) algorithmspatented by Guzman-Casillas and SchweitzerEngineering Laboratories, Inc. (SEL).
• A lesser amount of load is shed.
VPalmar
VMontevideo
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The Fundamentals of SEL’s Patent
• (θPalmar – θMontevideo) = δ
• Utilizes:
• Displacement δ
• Speed δ or S
• Acceleration δ or A
• δ x δ plot
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SEL’s Patent – PSD
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SEL’s Patent – PSD
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SEL’s Patent – OOST
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Quantitative Analysis of Transient Response in the A-S Plane
• dd
S [Hz]
A [Hz/s]
M1
M2
M3
z3 z2 z1 s0 s1 s2
m0
m1
m2
S [Hz]
A [Hz/s]
z1 s0
m0
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Simulation Results
• The scenario under study is one with maximum thermal generation with some hydro units in service. The scenario assumes that one of the 500 kV Palmar-Montevideo TL is out of service and a 3-phase fault occurs at the remaining 500 kV line in the Montevideo end.
• The clearance times used were:
• t=60ms (3 cycles) for the near end
• t=80ms (4 cycles) for the far end
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Simulation Results for Strategy #1
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Simulation Results for Strategy #2
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
S [Hz]
A [H
z/s
]
A
B
CD
E
F
O
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Load Shedding
Strategy #0 Strategy #1 Strategy #2
600 MVA 500 MVA 420 MVA
100 % 82 % 70 %
1/3 of Uruguay total load
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Conclusions (1/2)
• The paper presented two strategies for controlled islandingof the Uruguayan power system: one using only local measurements and the other using synchrophasors.
• Simulation results showed that controlled islanding of the North-South tie with fast load shedding with both strategies performed significantly better than the current utility practice.
• The necessary load shedding was reduced by 18% when the PSB-OST scheme (using only local signals) was utilized, and by 30% when the OOST scheme (using synchrophasor measurements).
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Conclusions (2/2)
• The strategy that uses synchrophasor measurements is more attractive since it is able to curtail less amount of load, due to its predictivecapability.
• However, the strategy that uses only local signalsshould not be discarded since it provides a simple and cost-effective solution to the problem. It also has the advantage that it can be implemented with the current protection system already in place, besides being a backup for the synchrophasor-based OOS protection scheme.
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THANK YOU for your patience and attention