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VIRUSES Biology 11
A. MacAskill
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WHAT IS A VIRUS? Virus is the Latin word for Poison
A Virus does not fit the six kingdom classificationThey lack the characteristics of living cells
Unlike all true organisms (even the most simple bacteria) viruses have no cellular structureNo Cell MembraneNo organelles
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VIRUS CHARACTERISTICS Viruses have both non-living and
living characteristics:Non-living: Alone a virus is life-lessLiving: Capable of reproduction with
a host cell
Viruses do not require energy – or carry out other common life processes such as growth, respiration and metabolism
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BASIC VIRUS STRUCTURE Very very small - measured in nanometers
(nm)
Two main parts:Protein coat (a.k.a. capsid)Core (contains DNA or RNA)
Viruses can be different shapes
Virus are specific to their host
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HELICAL EXAMPLE – TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS
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POLYHEDRAL EXAMPLE:RHINOVIRUS( COMMON
COLD)
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COMPLEX EXAMPLE: BACTERIOPHAGE
Virus which attacks Bacteria
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VIRAL REPLICATION: LYTIC CYCLE
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LYTIC OR LYSOGENIC CYCLE
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HOW CAN HUMANS AVOID VIRAL INFECTIONS?
Vaccines: solutions that are prepared from viral components or inactivated viruses
An individual is injected with viral components, their body creates anti-bodies as if the virus is real.
These anti-bodies stay with us and as a result, a vaccinated person is immune to that disease
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UNDERSTANDING VIRUSES: VIDEO During the video, answer the questions which were given!