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V. Valence Electrons
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A. Valence Electrons
• Valence electrons – found in the OUTERMOST (highest) energy level (sometimes called a shell)
• Located in highest s and p sublevels• These electrons are used for bonding• Elements range from having 1 – 8 valence electrons– Example: • Nitrogen: 1s2 2s2 2p3
• Nitrogen has 2 + 3 = 5 valence electrons
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B. Valence Electrons From Noble Gas Configurations
• PRACTICE: # Valence e-Na [Ne]3s1
Mg [Ne]3s2
Al [Ne]3s23p1
Ca [Ar]4s2
Br [Ar]4s23d104p5
12327
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C. Valence Electrons From Periodic Table
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D. Lewis Dot Diagrams
• Lewis Dot Diagrams – way to visually represent valence electrons in an atom.
• Dots around element symbol = valence electrons• Max of 8 electrons around symbol : OCTET RULE
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2nd Period Lewis Dot Diagrams
Li
ON
Be
F Ne
B C
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Practice• Write the Lewis Dot Diagram for the following
elements
– Krypton
– Calcium
– 1s22s22p63s23p4
– [Ar] 4s23d104p5
– Antimony (Sb)
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Due by the END of Class!
Write the Noble Gas Configuration, orbital diagram, and Lewis Dot Structures (valence electrons) for these elements:Li O Si P K
Se Sr I Ba Sn