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Valence Valence electronselectrons are are involved in involved in bonding.bonding.VV = ____ = ____
To becomeTo become stablestable.
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The combining of The combining of atoms to form atoms to form molecules or molecules or compoundscompounds.++ ==
Soft, metalSoft, metalPoisonous gasPoisonous gas
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1. 1. Ionic BondsIonic Bonds: formed : formed when atomswhen atoms lose or gain elose or gain e--
Atoms start offAtoms start off neutralneutral. . When When
theythey lose or gain lose or gain ee--,, they becomethey become
ionsions..
IONS IONS are are charged charged atomsatoms
Occurs between a METAL and a NONMETAL
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Sodium
Chlorine
Electrons either taken or given away
++ Opposites attract
Ionic BondsMetal to Nonmetal
19
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MetalsMetals form form CATIONSCATIONS (+) (+)
NonmetalsNonmetals form form ANIONSANIONS (-)(-)
NaNa
ClCl
Give Away
Take in
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TheThe (-)(-) ion andion and (+)(+) ionion attractattract..
NaNa ClCl
NaNa ClClA neutral compoundA neutral compound
(1+)(1+) (1-)(1-)
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Ionic Bonds
The Strongest wins the battle and loses the bone (electron)
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Ionic Bonds
An ionic bond is the resulting attraction for an anion and a cation after an electron is transferred from the metal to the non-metal
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2. 2. Covalent BondsCovalent Bonds:: formed when formed when atomsatoms share e-share e-; ; occurs b/t two
nonmetals
Diatomic Molecules Diatomic Molecules --atoms of the same atoms of the same
element share eelement share e--
ClClBrINClHOF ClCl
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Covalent Bonding
Dogs of equal strength
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Covalent Bonds
A covalent bond exists when two electrons are shared by two non-
metallic atoms
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Ionic Bonds: Ionic Bonds: formed between formed between a a metal & non-metalmetal & non-metal..
Covalent Bond: Covalent Bond: formed formed between between two non-metalstwo non-metals..
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*Accounts for many physical characteristics of metals, such
as strength, malleability, conduction of heat and
electricity, etc.
3. 3. Metallic BondsMetallic Bonds: formed when: formed when metals bond with other metals.metals bond with other metals.
(sea of electrons)(sea of electrons)
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Metallic Bonds
Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around !
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Metallic Bonding
Metallic bonds are best characterized by the phrase "a sea
of electrons”
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A quick Review of BondsA quick Review of Bonds::
IonicIonic
CovalentCovalent
MetallicMetallic
Transfer of electrons creates ions that attract.
The sharing of electrons creates. (BrINClHOF)
All electrons are shared in a “sea of electrons.”
Metal (+) Nonmetal (-)
Nonmetal Nonmetal
Metal Metal
elec
tron
sel
ectr
ons
Met
al
Met
al
Met
al