Download - Vasopressin CPR Trial Community Consultation
Vasopressin CPR Trial
Community Consultation
Children’s Medical Centerand The University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center
Principal Investigator
Tia Tortoriello Raymond, M.D.
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Children’s Medical Center Dallas
Department of Pediatrics
1935 Medical District Drive
Dallas, TX 75235
(214) 456-2281
Sub-investigator
Timothy G. Carroll, M.D.
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Children’s Medical Center Dallas
Department of Pediatrics
1935 Medical District Drive
Dallas, TX 75235
(214) 456-7614
Who is sponsoring the study and how many patients will be enrolled?
The study is funded by the primary investigator and is not sponsored by industry
Approximately 130 subjects will be enrolled in this study
Study Purpose
To evaluate the use of Vasopressin when given to
pediatric patients in refractory cardiopulmonary arrest
What is Cardiopulmonary Arrest?
• The person looses consciousness, stops breathing, and looses their pulse and blood pressure
• All the organs of the body are receiving no blood flow and hence no oxygen
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is begun to help restart breathing and help the heart resume beating
• Will lead to death if CPR not performed, may lead to death if CPR is performed
Can Cardiac Arrest be Reversed?
• Brain death and permanent death start to occur in 4-6 minutes after cardiac arrest
• Can be reversed if treated within MINUTES
• Survival reduced by 7 to 10 percent with every minute that passes without CPR
• Few attempts at resuscitation succeed after 10 minutes
How do we treat Cardiopulmonary Arrest?
• Giving breaths and oxygen
• Chest compressions
• Defibrillation (electric shock to heart to restore normal heartbeat)
• Medications to restart heart
• Fluids
• ? Resuscitation ECMO
Standard of Care for CPR
• Pediatric Advanced Life
Support (PALS) Guidelines
- protocol endorsed by
the American Heart
Association for pediatric
patients
Standard of Care for CPR
• Advanced Cardiac Life
Support (ACLS)
Guidelines
- protocol endorsed by
the American Heart
Association for adults
Standard of Care Limitations
• Excessive medications can cause:• Severely increased blood pressure
• Abnormal heart rhythms
• Depressed heart function
• Lack of oxygen and blood flow can cause:
• Tissue damage to vital organs such as the brain, kidneys, intestines, and heart itself
• Acid build up in the blood
Need for Improved Outcome
• More than 95 percent of cardiac arrest victims die before reaching the hospital
• Pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest survival rate is extremely poor ~27%
• Those who do survive may have severe brain injury
Need for Improved Outcome
• To better understand how to treat cardiac arrest
• Determine ways to improve survival after cardiac arrest
What is Vasopressin ?
Vasopressin is a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients with:
• Diabetes Insipidus (extreme thirst and frequent urination)
• Abdominal distention after surgery
Vasopressin is commonly used for the treatment of other disorders not currently approved by the FDA.
The use of Vasopressin in this manner is referred to as “Off-Label”
Current Standard of Care“Off-Label”
• The use of Vasopressin is recognized:
• By the American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council for use in the management of adult patients in cardiac arrest
• As a standard treatment for shock due to infection
Vasopressin Experience in CPR
• In animal studies vasopressin has been shown to improve vital organ blood flow, particularly to the brain
• Leads to improved outcomes to get the heart restarted and survive
• Beneficial effects have been observed in adult human studies
• ALL studies have shown vasopressin to be equal or superior to epinephrine (current standard of care)
Why Use Vasopressin?
To improve the survival of pediatric patients during and after cardiac arrest
To understand the impact that Vasopressin has on the treatment of pediatric patients in cardiac arrest
Potential Benefits of Vasopressin
• Increase the proportion of patients with return of a normal heart rate and blood pressure
• Increase the likelihood of survival
• Increase the proportion of patients with favorable neurologic outcome
FDA Review
• Tia Tortoriello Raymond, M.D. received clearance to proceed with this study from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• The FDA authorized the use of exception from informed consent requirements for this study
Patient Protection
The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is agroup of medical, scientific, and nonscientificmembers of the community
• Reviews all proposals for research on humans
• Assures patient safety
• Monitors community feedback
Patient Protection
• The UTSW IRB will decide whether or not to allow Children’s Medical Center to conduct the Vasopressin CPR trial BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT AND COMMUNITY FEEDBACK
• An independent data monitoring committee will oversee the trial
• The FDA will be kept informed of the trial’s progress
What is Informed Consent?
A process by which patients make informed decisions about
participating in research studies.
Informed Consent
• Traditionally required for all research studies
• Research studies compare 2 treatments (standard vs. investigational)
• Doctors describe each of these potential treatments
• Patients are informed of the potential risks and potential benefits associated with each of these treatments
• Patients choose whether to participate in the study
What is Exception from Informed Consent?
Patients are enrolled in a research study without giving
their informed consent
A federal regulation (21 CFR 50.24), created in 1996, allows certain studies that meet the following criteria to use this exception
• Patients’ lives must be at risk
• Available treatments are not satisfactory
• Patients are unable to give consent
• Potential risks are reasonable, participation in the research could provide a direct benefit (increased survival) to the patient
• The research could not be practicably carried out without an exemption
http://www.fda.gov/ora/compliance_ref/bimo/err_guide.htm
Consent Safeguards
• Obtaining consent is not feasible because intervention must be administered before consent from the subject’s LAR is feasible.
• Obtaining consent is not feasible as there is no reasonable way to identify prospective individuals likely to become eligible for participation.
Consent Safeguards
• The IRB has reviewed and approved the informed consent procedure and document.
• Additional protections of the rights and welfare of subjects provided through a process of community consultation.
• Additional protections of the rights and welfare of subjects provided through a process of public disclosure.
Consent Safeguards
•Procedures must be in place to inform at the
earliest feasible opportunity each subject or
LAR of inclusion in the study.
The patient or a legally authorized representative may decide to withdraw
the patient at any time without penalty or loss of benefits
Community Consultation
• Community consultation refers to ensuring the communities involved are provided an opportunity to discuss the proposed clinical investigation.
• Following completion of the study information about the study results must be disclosed
• to the community where the research was done
• the research community should have access to comprehensive summary data
Community Consultation
• Must advise the “community at risk” of the study and ways to “opt out” • For in-hospital resuscitation study this community
would be the families/staff of the Pediatric ICU at CMC
• Focus group discussions with physicians, nurses, pharmacists, families
• Posters, brochures, website and study personnel available to explain the study in the PICU
• Press release and letter to all medical staff
www.childrens.com/Research/Vasopressin/index.cfm
Procedure to “Opt Out”
• If a parent decides to “opt out” of the study, a sign will be placed on the patient’s bed that will clearly delineate that the patient is not included in the study.
Public Disclosure
• Public disclosure refers to informing these communities about the study prior to starting and following completion.
• Prior to start of the study -- public disclosure of sufficient information to describe :
• the nature and purpose of the study
• the fact that informed consent will not be obtained for most study subjects
Patients will be randomly assigned to either one of two groups (like flipping a coin)
Control Test
Epinephrine Only (standard of care)
Trial Design: After patient suffers a cardiac arrest
Epinephrine and
Vasopressin
50% 50%
Who Would Be Included?
Patients who suffer a cardiac arrest in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
• Who are 0-18 years old
• Who require more than one dose of a medication to restart the heart
Who Would Be Excluded?
• Patients who do not require chest compressions or defibrillation
• Patients who do not require epinephrine
• Patients who are pregnant
• Patients with known orders not to resuscitate
• Patients in the custody of the State of Texas
• Any patient whose parent or guardian “opts out” of the study
• Any patient whose attending physician “opts out” of the study
Potential Risks of Vasopressin
The risks of vasopressin are equal or less than the risks associated with epinephrine (current standard of care)
Risks include:• Increase in liver enzymes, decrease in platelets (helps
blood clot)
• Abnormal heart rhythm, low sodium, allergic reaction, and skin necrosis if the medications leaks out of the vein
• Increase in urine output
• Unforeseen happenings
After the study is completed…
• The results of the study will be revealed to the community after the trial has been completed
• The results of this study could change the protocol by which every pediatric patient that experiences cardiac arrest is resuscitated
Questions or
Comments?
Phone Number: (214) 456-7614 or
(214) 456-2281