![Page 1: Vermont Community Development Association March 14, 2007](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814e46550346895dbbc337/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Vermont Community Development Association
March 14, 2007
Hydro-electric in your community
The Cutting Edge
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Hydro was the economic
backbone of Vermont
over 2000 mills:
saw millsgrist mills
woolen millsbobbin mills
fishing pole millssmall industry
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45 Towns own 107 dams
• Barnet
• Barre
• Bennington
• Brandon
• Brattleboro
• Chester
• Danville
• Enosburg
• Essex
• Fair Haven
• Franklin
• Glover
• Hardwick
• Newbury• Newport• Northfield• Norwich• Pittsford• Plainfield• Pownal• Proctor• Readsboro• Richford• Rutland• South
Royalton
•Hartford
•Londonderry
• Ludlow
• Lyndonville
• Marlboro
• Middlebury
• Middletown Springs
• Milton
• Montpelier
• Morrisville
• Springfield
• St. Albans
• St. Johnsbury
• Swanton
• Thetford
• Vergennes
• Washington
• Whitingham
• Windsor
• Winooski
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30 0 30 60 Miles
N
EW
S
Vermont Dams-VCGIState owns 85 of ~1200 damsActive Hydroelectric Sites-ANR map
Hydropower could be revenue source
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One state-owned dam
produces power
1,200 sites >300 MW installed capacityDept. of Energy, 2006
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How Hydro Works
Spinning Turbine transfers power for either mechanical use –mills- or power-hydroelectric
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How Hydro Works
Determine the PotentialNeed to know head and flow!
Flow (gpm) x Head (ft)/10=Power ( continuous watts)
500 gpm x 50 ft/10 = 2500 watts or 2.5 kW
(ballpark!)
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Costs
Water to Wire package $850 - $1,100 kW.Approximate all installation costs $1500 -
$2,500 KW(per Mike Scarzello, CVPS).Smaller systems can be much more
expensive per kW. Typically $4,000 a KW or more.
The big cost is permitting and protection mitigation and enhancement.
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Only renewable with extensive regulatory
requirements:FERC license or exemption need OK from: Vt. Dept. of Environmental Conservation – Dam
Safety, Water Quality Division,Hydrology, Wetlands, Lakes, River Management;
Vt. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife - Fisheries, Wildlife, Non-game and natural heritage;
Vt. Division for Historic Preservation (SHPO); Vt.Public Service Board; &. Vt. Dept. of Public Service. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service;
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Permitting Costs-can double cost of small
projects
From FERC-2001 Report on Hydroelectric Licensing Policies, Procedures and Regulations Comprehensive Review and Recommendations Pursuant to Section 603 of the Energy Act of 2000
(protection, mitigation and enhancement)
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Legislation Required:State level:
H 70
Hydro will not happen without a revised H70
that provides a simple, predictable
process for a:
1) Certificate of Public Good for In-State
Renewables
2) 401 Water Quality Certificate
Legislation Required:Federal level
Federal change to put a floor in FERC (500 KW –1 MW).
Simplify Conduit Exemption for municipalities
Currently 2 KW or 200 MW is same process with FERC.
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What does Undeveloped Hydro look like in
Vermont?
• Flood Control• Recreation• Fish and Wildlife• Water Supply• Hydroelectric• Historic Mill Dams
Manchester
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Fair Haven – 170 KW
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Londonderry –70 KW
Bridge
Dam provides grade control
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Plainfield –124 KW
Project may reduce municipal tax rate by 5 – 10%
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Diversion: near natural falls or using natural
gradient –Twinfield School
A diversion project will provide all the power for the school -$60,000 annually.
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Crystal Lake 200 KW
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Water Supply Dams-Barre
58 KW
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Muncipal Water and
Wastewater Treatment.Heating and
Cooling Systems in Buildings.
Energy Recovery within existing conduits:
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First Steps• Identify potential resource (my website has
links to DOE sites). Get copy of report from Department of Public Service on Undeveloped Hydro Potential in Vermont.
• Preliminary Site Assessment –partnership with community-no site visits, you do the footwork ($1,000 applied to feasibility study).
• Feasibility study (partial engineering, economics, technology, hydrology)
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Resources
European Small Hydro Association www.esha.be
Other web siteshttp://www.microhydropower.net/
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/
windandhydro/
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Lori BargCommunity Hydro113 Bartlett Road
Plainfield, Vermont 05667802-454-8458
“This white coal from hydro-electric development, free from smoke, soot and cinders….are today producing power sufficient to displace the use of a million tons of black coal annually, and this power can readily be distributed to every small and large town ……and thus revive the hundreds of small factories, which were formerly the hives of industry in so many of our small villages…Again how differently, financially, for our people and state, if this $5,000,000 now paid annually to the coal producers of Pennsylvania and Ohio should be produced and kept within our borders.”
Vermont Governor John A. Mead - 1912
www.communityhydro.biz