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VISIONthe sense we rely on most
often
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Photoreceptors in the eye are sensitive to wavelengths of light energy called the visible spectrum
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Structures of the Eye
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Structures of the Eye
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Structures of the Eye
vitreous
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Structures of the Eye
iris vitreous
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Structures of the Eye
cornea
vitreous iris
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Structures of the Eye
pupil
vitreous iris
cornea
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Structures of the Eye
lens
vitreous iris
cornea
pupil
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Structures of the Eye
retina
vitreous iris
cornea
pupillens
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Structures of the Eye
Optic nerve
vitreous iris
cornea
pupillens
retina
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Structures of the Eye
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Function of Eye Structures
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Function of Eye Structures
• Lens – focuses the image on the retina
• Iris – pigmented muscle that give the eye its color and regulates the size of the pupil
• Pupil -- not a structure, but an opening in the iris
• Cornea – transparent portion of the sclera through which light enters
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Function of Eye Structures
• Retina – layer containing photoreceptors that transduce light energy into a nerve impulse
• Rods – photoreceptors that are unable to detect color, but work well in low light
• Cones – photoreceptors that detect color in bright light but not in low light
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Location of Rods and Cones
CCCC
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Function of Eye Structures
The macula is located roughly in the center of the
retina. It is a small and highly sensitive
part of the retina responsible for
detailed central vision. The fovea is the very center of the
macula.
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Vision Problems• Glaucoma – pressure build up inside
the eye causes damage (a leading cause of blindness around the world)
• Color Blindness – genetic deficiency in the cones, most common form is red/green color blindness (inability to distinguish between reds and greens)
• Cataracts – clouding of the lens
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Vision Defects in Focusing
• Myopia = nearsighted due to an elongated eyeball
• Requires a concave lens to correct
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Vision Defects in Focusing
• Hyperopia = farsighted due to a shortened eyeball
• Presbyopia = farsighted due to aging• Farsightedness requires a convex
lens to correct
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Vision Defect in Focusing
• Astigmatism = due to a misshapen cornea, part of the image is focused and part is not
• Requires a non-symmetrical lens to correct
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