Download - Visual Dictionary
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Visual Dictionary
By: Sarah-Ashley McCall
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Air Barrier Paper
A sheet material used as both a vapor retarder and an air barrier. It controls the
infiltration of air into a building.
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Attic Ventilation: Allows water to escape and cools the house in the summer by preventing the buildup of solar heat.
Soffit
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Attic Ventilation: Ridge Vent
A long, open assembly that allows air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge.
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Attic Ventilation: Gable Vent
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Attic Ventilation: Roof Turbine
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Backhoe & Front End Loader
Backhoe
A backhoe is a piece of heavy equipment used to dig up soil for excavation, etc.The width of this bucket is 36”
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Batter boardsA temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.These batter boards are marking the excavation area for a multi-family residence structure.
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Semi-Circular Arch
Jack Arch
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Keystone Arch
Centering
Temporary formwork for an arch.
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Flemish BondPattern: Alternating stretchers and headers
Running BondPattern: All stretchers
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Common BondPattern: Alternating rows of stretchers and full-length headers
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Soldier
Stretcher
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Rowlock Brick
Sailor Brick
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HeaderBrick
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Shiners
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Utility3 ½”x11 ½”x3 ½”
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Modular3 ½”x7 ½”x2 ¼”
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BulldozerThis is a piece of heavy equipment used to push soil, gravel, etc. around construction
sights.
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Brick Cladding Stone CladdingPattern: Random Ashlar
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EFISExterior Insulation and
Finish System
A cladding system that consists of a thin layer of reinforced stucco applied directly to the surface of an insulating plastic foam board. The board, in turn, is adhered or fastened mechanically to the structural or backup wall of the building.
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Wood Boards
Wood ShakesA shingle split from a block of wood.
This is an overlapping cladding that encloses the building.
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Code Requirements: My Room
Window:22” AFF49” Wide54 ½” Tall
My window is 18.6 sf4’1” x 4’6 ½”This is up to code.
There is an opening height of 27” in my window, which is up to code.
54 ½” Tall
49” Wide
The Window is 22” AFF which is up to code.
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Interior Stairs11 ½” + 2 (7 ¼”)=26
The tread is to code, the riser is not.
7 ¼”
11 ½”11 ½”
7 ¼”
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Sawed Control JointControl Joint: A joint in the concrete that allows for swelling and shrinking
so that it does not damage the concrete.
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Isolation JointThis joint is isolating a column from slab and slab from wall. Isolation joints are used to relieve flexural stresses due to vertical movement of slab-on-grade applications that adjoin fixed foundation elements such as columns, building or machinery foundations, etc.
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Brick Coursing
3 brick courses = 1 CMU course
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CMU
Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)A block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone. The typical dimensions are 8”X8”X16”. Concrete blocks create structures that are economical, energy efficient, fire-resistant, and involve minimal maintenance. In addition, concrete masonry allows architectural freedom and versatility.
4” Block
12” Block
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Ribbed CMUsplit block
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Left Hand DoorThe hallway is on the outside of the door.The bathroom is on the inside of the door.
Right Hand DoorThe hallway is on the outside of the door.The screened in porch is on the inside of the door.
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Exterior Flush Door
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Panel Door
Panel
Top Rail
lock rail
Stile
bottom rail
SidelightA tall, narrow window
alongside a door
TransomA small window above a door.
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Utility Pole Transformer: It provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution grid, stepping down the voltage used in the overhead distribution wires to the level used by the customer.Power Pole
Construction Co. Trailer
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Duplex ReceptacleThis is plug where appliances can be connected to access
power.
Meter: This measures power usage for the power company to charge you by.
Service Head: This steps the electricity down from the wires to the consumption level of the home.
Service Panel: This is where individual electrical components can be accessed.
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1. Anchor Bolt
2. Sill Plate
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3. Floor Joists (2nd Floor) 9. Ceiling Joists (1st Floor)
4. Stringer
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5. SubflooringThe loadbearing surface beneath a finish floor.
6. Sole Plate
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7. Stud
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8. Top Plate
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10. RaftersA framing member that runs up and down the
slope of a steep roof.
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11. Roof Decking
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12. Sheathing
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Front End Loader: Heavy equipment piece used on construction sites.
Primarily used to load material such as recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc. into or onto another type of
machinery. It is different from a bulldozer because this loads, bulldozers push. Backhoes are for digging.
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High Impact Gypsum BoardAn interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces.
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Air Handling Unit: Takes in air, cools and dehumidifies the air, and distributes it in the interior space. Advantage: Rapid Response TimeDisadvantage: Noisy
Heat Pump: Extracts heat from outdoor air up to 30 degrees F.Advantage: More efficient in mild climates.Disadvantage: Inefficient below 30 degrees F.
Compressor
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Insulation: Insulating material in the cavities of walls to retard the passage of heat and cold to and from the building.
Batt Insulation
Foam Insulation
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Loose-Fill Insulation
Rigid Board Insulation
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Brick LintelLintel: Carries the weight of the
structure above it across openings.Metal Angle
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Troweled Joint
Type S Mortar3/8” Mortar JointUsed on a Bank
Tooled JointType S Mortar3/8” JointUsed on a Church
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Oriented Strand Board
A building panel composed of long sheets of long shreds of wood fiber (not veneer) oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure.
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Water Closet3” Pipe Below
Lavatory1 ½” Pipe DiameterA fixed bowl or basin with running water and drainpipe for washing
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Shower
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Interior VTRThis plumbing vent keeps the pressure equal in the pipes so that a vacuum does not suck the water out of P-traps , which would let sewage gas back into the home.
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Exterior VTRThe plumbing vent goes out through the roof to let
the gas out into the atmosphere.
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Kitchen SinkUndermount
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PlywoodA wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.
Veneer: A thin layer, sheet, or facing.
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Rebar#8 RebarThe purpose of the deformations on the rebar are to help bind the concrete and rebar together.
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Gutter: A channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof.
Downspouta vertical pipe used to drain rainwater from a roof
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Underlayment: A layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing. This protects the building from precipitation before roofing is applied.
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Clay Tile Roof
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Metal Shingle RoofShingle: A small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion to render a sloping roof watertight.
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Preformed Metal RoofA roof made of metal panels that requires no special equipment for installation on-site. Made of long sheets of galvanized or aluminized steel.
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Gable Roof
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Hip Roof
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Mansard Roof
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Gambrel
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Valley: When two roofing planes meet at the bottom of their pitch to form a valley.
Ridge: This is where the sloped sides of a roof meet at the top of the roof.
Rake: The inclined portion of a cornice. These are typically found on gable roofs.
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Fascia: Horizontal band or board that runs along the eaves of a roof, protects the rafters.
Eave: The part of a roof which projects out from the side wall, projecting the edge of the roof.
Soffit: The exposed undersurface of any exterior overhanging section of a roof eave. It helps ventilate the attic.
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Building Without A Fascia
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Coursed Ashlar
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Random Ashlar
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Random Rubble
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Vapor RetarderPut on the warm in winter side of the insulation. This retards the passage of water vapor.
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Waterproofing: Liquid or sheet material applied to the exterior of a basement wall or floor to resist the intrusion of water under hydrostatic pressure.
Fully Adhered
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Weep Hole
Control Joint
A small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly.
A joint in the brick coursing that allows for swelling of the brick so that it does not damage the cladding.
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Welded Wire Fabric12” x 12” grid
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Gliding Window
Gliding windows are named this way because they slide open from left to right or vice versa.
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Casement WindowThese windows open outward by a crank located on the sill.
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Double-Hung Window
This window is called double-hung because the top pane or the bottom pane can be open without the other pane being open as well.