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Visual Dictionary
BSCI 2300Spring 2010
Air Barrier Paper
Air Barrier Paper – an external membrane applied to the sheathing before the veneer is applied which serves as a weather barrier and helps to prevent air infiltration into the home.
Attic Ventilation – Serves to allow water vapor to escape and to allow the hot attic air to escape by providing an intake at the eaves through the soffit vents which allows the warmer air to escape through the roof vents.
Attic Ventilation
Attic Ventilation
Soffit Vent – Allows air into the attic so that the warmer air can be pushed out through the vents placed higher on the roof
Attic Ventilation
Ridge Vent – Allows hot attic air to escape through a gap in the ridge decking
Attic Ventilation
Gable Vent – Allows hotter attic air to escape and prevents buildup of heat conducted through the roof of the structure
Attic Ventilation
Roof Turbine – allows the air to escape by drawing it out through the roof like a fan
Backhoe – Heavy machinery used for excavation in smaller site clearing projects like tree removal and used to dig footings and some basement excavation. Bucket width: 2 ft.
Backhoe
Batter Boards – A temporary frame built just outside the corners of a foundation excavation. They are used to make sure the structure is square and to also carry the lines of a footing from corner to corner.
Batter Boards
Brick Arches
Radius Arch
Brick Arches
Segmented Arch
Brick Arches
Arch with a Keystone
Brick Arches
Centering- formwork used to support masonry units of an arch while under the construction process until all units are in place.
Brick Bonds
Stretcher Bond- is the most simple bond consisting of interlocking stretcher courses.
Brick Bonds
Stack Bond- consists of stacked stretchers; weakest of all bonds.
Brick Bonds
Rowlocks
Brick Bonds
Header
Brick Bonds
Soldier
Brick Bonds
Sailor Bond
Brick Bonds
Stretcher Rowlock (Shiners)
Brick Sizes
Utility Brick – 3 5/8” w x 3 5/8” h x 11 5/8” L
Brick Sizes
Queen Size 3” w x 2 ¾” h x 7 5/8” L
Bulldozer
Bulldozer – heavy machinery used during site prep. It is used to level the dirt off by grading with the front blade and pushing dirt around small areas of the construction site.
Cladding
Brick Clad
Cladding
EIFS
Cladding
Stone clad “Random Rubble”
Cladding
Wood Board Clad ”Board and Batten”
Cladding
Wood Shake – small shingle split from a block of wood, which gives a rough texture and uneven depthsWood Shingle – sawn shingle, typically more smooth and uniform; also larger in size
Code Requirements
Windows : minimum opening of 5.7 square feet (5.0 if sill is less than 44” AFF)Opening width 20” minimum & opening height 24” minimum.
Actual Measurements – 26” h x 32” w x 36” AFF.
Total Area : 5.78 sq. ft.
The window meets the code requirements
Code Requirements
Code requirements – Riser Height 7 ¾” maximum, Tread Depth 10” nosing to nosingActual measurements – Riser Height of 6 1/2 tread depth 11 5/8” (less 1 ½ “ riser slant) gives 10 1/8”. Therefore, the stair is in compliance with the code.
Concrete Joints
Control Joint – a designed cut in concrete to weaken the slab at that point in an attempt to prevent cracking elsewhere in the concrete
Concrete Joints
Isolation joints - separate concrete from objects or structures, and allow independent movement without any connection that could cause damage to either object.
Concrete Masonry Unit
CMU – a block of hardened concrete designed to be laid up like regular masonry brick. The hollow cores allow for the block walls to be filled with concrete for additional strength. CMU is more economical for foundation walls than cast concrete, and when laid by a proper mason, one course of block is equal to 3 courses of standard brick w/ a 3/8” mortar joint. A typical block is 8” x 8” x 16” with a 3/8” mortar joint.
Decorative CMU
Split Block
Decorative CMU
Ribbed Block
Doors
Flush Door
Doors
Top Rail
Style
Panel
Lock Rail
Transom
Bottom Rail
Sidelight
Transom – A small window directly over a door Sidelight – A tall, narrow widow running alongside a door
Electrical Components
Underground Transformer Box – Steps down the electricity from a few thousand volts to the 110v / 220v service needed for the home
Electrical Components
Service Head – Brings the electricity into the meter and isolates that particular residence through an in-line fuse which prevents the house wiring from interfering with other structures on the grid
Meter – Measures how much electricity is being used
Electrical Components
Service Panel – the point where the electricity enters the home. The panel distributes the electricity throughout the home through individual circuits or to other panels.
Electrical Components
Duplex Receptacle – where the power is accessed in the home
Framing Elements
Anchor Bolt
Sill Plate
Framing Elements
Floor Joist
Subflooring
Framing Elements
Soleplate
Stud
Top Plate
Ceiling Joist
Farming Elements
Unfinished Stringer
Framing Elements
Rafter
Roof decking
Sheathing
Front End Loader
Front End Loader – used for transporting piles of dirt or other material across a jobsite. The hydraulic arms on the bucket allows the ability to place material at a raised elevation – useful for loading dump trucks and backfilling retaining walls. Unlike a bulldozer, a loader has the ability to scoop dirt out of the ground and move it to another location rather than spreading it around an area
Gypsum Board
Gypsum Board – An interior finish board made from a gypsum core sandwiched between two paper faces.
Compressor – compresses the refrigerant gas which gives off heat, thus cooling the air as it blows across the cooler coils at the air handler
Heat Pump
•One main disadvantage of the heat pump system is that it is noisy. One must take into account where to place the outside compressors to avoid noise intrusion into the home.
Heat Pump
Air Handler – Forces the air through the system with the use of a blower fan. Also, cooler air is blown across a heating element inside the air handler to warm it up before distributing it through the ductwork
•One advantage of heat pump systems is that it is the most efficient way to heat and cool a home
Insulation
Batt Insulation is a quick and easy way to insulate walls and ceilings between studs and ceiling joists using strips or rolls of fiberglass insulation.
Insulation
Loose Fill insulation is fiberglass or paper insulation blown into place; used in attics to fill all voids between ceiling joists.
Insulation
Foamed Insulation is a mixture of different chemicals that react with each other; it is spray applied and is the best form of insulation to seal off penetrations completely.
Insulation
Rigid Board Insulation is insulation that is extruded into 4x8 sheets used as exterior sheathing and basement wall insulation.
Lintel
Steel Lintel – A beam that carries the load of the brick wall across a door or window
Mortar
Concave joint – This brick is tooled with 3/8” joints and has type ‘N’ mortar. “Oil Change”
Mortar
Extruded joint – this house has a 3/8” neither tooled or troweled mortar joints, mortar is just applied to brick and squished into place, with type N mortar.
Oriented Strand Board
OSB – a nonveneered panel made up of strands of wood particles which are compressed and glued together in several layers, with each layer oriented opposite the direction of the previous layer for strength
Plumbing
Lavatory – uses 1 ½” drain pipe for sink
Plumbing
Water Closet – uses 3” pipe to drain
Plumbing
Installed shower tub with unfinished green rock and batt insulation.
Plumbing
Vent Through Roof – allows air to enter the plumbing system eliminating a vacuum which lets the water drain from the pipes.
Plumbing
Drop in kitchen sink
Plywood
Plywood – manufactured by gluing thin veneers of wood together, rotating each layer 90 degrees so that the grain in the wood does not run the same in each layer. This provides greater strength and equalizes moisture movementVeneer – a thin layer or facing
Radiant Barrier
Radiant barriers are typically installed on top of rafters or under rafters and is used to block radiant heat from entering the house by reflecting it from the roof through metallic finishes.
Rebar
#4 rebar (1/2” thickness) is going to be used here probably to join a block or brick fireplace shaft to the foundation of the house. The deformations or ribs in the rebar are there so the rebar will not slide back and forth inside the concrete.
Steep Roof Drainage
Gutter
Downspout
Gutter – a channel which collects rainwater at the eave of a roofDownspout – A vertical pipe for conducting the rainwater from the gutter to a lower level discharge point
Steep Roof Drainage
Splashblock – a precast concrete or plastic block used to dissipate the water at the downspout’s discharge point so not to erode the ground.
Steep Roof Materials
Underlayment – A thin layer of waterproof material laid between the roof deck and roofing. It allows to get the house in the dry so progress will not be held up due to inclement weather and protects the building before the roofing is applied
Steep Roof Materials
Clay Tile Roof
Steep Roof Material
Shingle – A water resistant material nailed in an overlapping pattern with other like materials to make the roof watertight.
Wood Shingle Roof
Steep Roof Materials
Metal Panel RoofGalvanized Steel was used on this roof.
Steep Roof Shapes
Gable Roof
Steep Roof Shapes
Gambrel Roof
Steep Roof Shapes
Hip Roof
Steep Roof Shapes
Mansard Roof
Steep Roof Terms
Ridge – the level intersection of roof planes “top of Roof”Valley – the sloping intersection of roof planes which water drains downEave – the level, lowest edge of the roof
Steep Roof Terms
Rake – The Sloping edge of a steep roof
Steep Roof Terms
Fascia – the exposed vertical face of the eave
Soffit – the undersurface of a roof overhang, installed to enclose the rafter tails
Steep Roof Terms
No Fascia – house with exposed rafter tails
Stone
Random Rubble Pattern
Stone
Coursed Rubble Pattern
Stone
Random Ashlar Pattern
Stone
Coursed ashlar
Vapor Retarder
Vapor Retarder – put in place to reduce the passage of air and water vapor through the building assembly to prevent condensation. It is usually placed to the inside of the building.
Waterproofing
Waterproofing – installed to prevent the passage of water through the concrete or CMU into a basement or crawlspace. This is an example of liquid applied
Weep Hole
Weep hole – a small opening in the brick veneer to allow accumulated water from the building to escape
Welded Wire Fabric
WWF – 6” x 6” grid
Windows
Double Hung WindowWooden Window
Both the top & bottom sash open
Windows
Casement WindowSolid Vinyl window
The window cranks out from a side hinge
Windows
Single HungWooden Window
Only the bottom sash is operable