Download - Visualization for Non-Destructive Testing
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Visualization for
Non-Destructive Testing
Eduard Gröller
Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms
Vienna University of Technology
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Artem Amirkhanov et al.
Industrial 3D X-ray Computed Tomography (3DXCT)
Projections 3D VolumeReconstruction
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Artem Amirkhanov et al.
Industrial 3D X-ray Computed Tomography (3DXCT)
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3DXCT Advantages
Powerful technique for generating a digital 3D
volumetric dataset of a specimen from 2D
projections
Wide range of materials
Full characterization of the specimen’s
exterior and interior structures without
destroying or disassembling it
Used for non-destructive testing and quality
control
Artem Amirkhanov et al.
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Fuzzy CT
Metrology
Amirkhanov, A., Heinzl, Ch., Kuhn, Ch., Kastner, J., Gröller,
E.: Fuzzy CT Metrology: Dimensional Measurements on
Uncertain Data. In Proceedings of the 29th Spring
conference on Computer Graphics (SCCG 2013), 2013.
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Geometric Tolerancing
Features of interest: measurement plan
Properties of features are evaluated
Common tolerances
Straightness
Circularity
Flatness
Artem Amirkhanov et al.
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Industrial 3DXCT Metrology
Artem Amirkhanov et al.
Measurement
Plan
Measurements
Coordinate Measurement Machine
Measurement
Plan
Measurements
Software
Actual
Specimen
Extracted
Surface Model
3DXCTConventional
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Overview
Artem Amirkhanov et al.
Measurement
Plan
Measurements
Extracted
Surface Model
Material
Interface
Uncertainty
Reconstructed
3D Volume
Statistical
Analysis
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Overview
Artem Amirkhanov et al.
Measurements Material
Interface
Uncertainty
Reference
Shapes3D Labels Measurement plots
Unce
rta
inty
Vis
ualiz
ation
Levels-of-DetailOverview Details
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Video Demonstration
Artem Amirkhanov 10
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Visualization
of Carbon Fiber
Reinforced Polymers
Reh, A., Plank, B., Kastner, J., Gröller, E., Heinzl, C.: Porosity Maps –
Interactive Exploration and Visual Analysis of Porosity in Carbon Fiber
Reinforced Polymers. Computer Graphics Forum, 31(3pt3):1185–1194, 2012.
Reh, A., Gusenbauer, C., Kastner, J., Gröller, E., Heinzl, C.: MObjects—A Novel
Method for the Visualization and Interactive Exploration of Defects in
Industrial XCT Data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer
Graphics, 19(12): 2906–2915, 2013.
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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP)
Fiber bundles with a twill-weave pattern
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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP)
Fiber bundles with a twill-weave pattern
Epoxy resin
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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP)
Fiber bundles with a twill-weave pattern
Epoxy resin
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Epoxy resin(matrix)
Fiber bundlesin x direction
Fiber bundlesin z direction
Pores in the matrix
Pores inside thefiber bundles X
Y
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Porosity Determination Workflow
UltrasonicTesting
ActiveThermography
Qu
anti
tati
ve P
oro
sity
[%]
CFRP Components
Ultrasonic CalibrationCurve
Heat Conduction Model
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Mean Object (MObject)
Many pores(shape variation not visible)
MObject visualization(mean shape is visible)
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Porosity Determination Workflow
Qu
anti
tati
ve P
oro
sity
[%]
UltrasonicTesting
ActiveThermography
Ultrasonic CalibrationCurve
Heat Conduction Model
CFRP Components
X-Ray ComputedTomography
MObjectVisualization
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2
3
4
Data Acquisition
XCT Measurement
Beam HardeningCorrection
Data Mapping
1
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3
4
Pre-processing and Pore Properties
AnisotropicDiffusion
Otsu Thresholding
ConnectedComponents
Filter
Property Calculation
1 2
• Volume• Dimension X• Dimension Y• Dimension Z• Shape factor• Directional shape factors
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MObject Calculation
Individual Objects
MObject
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1 2
3
4
Homogeneity Visualization
Local MObjectsVisualization
Color-coded Homogeneity Visualization of the Average Cell Property Deviation
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Results: Homogeneity Visualization
0.02
-0.02
0
Deviation from avg. pore volume [mm³]
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Results: Homogeneity Visualization
0.17
-0.17
0
Deviation from avg. pore dimension X [mm]
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1 2
3
4
MObject Set Visualization and Exploration
Radial MObjectSet Visualization
Parallel MObjectSet Visualization
Scaling throughVisual Linking
RepresentativeMObjects
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MObject Set Calculation
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Parallel MObject Set Visualization
Global MObject
3 shapefactor classes
Separation of the long and thin shaped micro pores in
x and z direction
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Porosity Determination
Visualization Tasks
Task 1: Quantitative
porosity
Task 2:Porosity overview
Task 3:Local pore properties
Task 4:Best viewpoint
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Overview
Visualization Pipeline
Pre-ComputationVisual Analysis of
Porosity
Visual Analysis ofPorosity
Data Acquisition
Porosity Maps Parallel Coordinates
View
Interactive Exploration
Best Viewpoint Widget
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Visual Analasys of Porosity
Porosity Maps
Porosity Map calculation Porosity Map
high
low
Task 2: Porosity overview
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Visual Analysis of Porosity
3 Stages of Interactive Exploration and Visualization
Porosity Overview Region of Interest Pore ClassificationPorosity Overview
Porosity Visualization
Porosity Maps
Task 2: Porosity overview
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Visual Analysis of Porosity
3 Stages of Interactive Exploration and Visualization
Porosity Overview Region of Interest Pore ClassificationRegion of Interest
Porosity Visualization
Porosity Maps Interaction
Task 2: Porosity overview
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Visual Analysis of Porosity
3 Stages of Interactive Exploration and Visualization
Porosity Overview Region of Interest Pore ClassificationPore Classification
Porosity Visualization
Parallel Coordinates Interaction
Task 3: Local pore properties
Volume – Dimension X – Dimension Y – Dimension Z – Shape Factor
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Visual Analysis of Porosity
Best Viewpoint Widget
Good viewpoint Bad viewpoints
Rate the quality of viewpoints Calculation by user-defined parameters
Task 4: Best viewpoint
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Visual Analysis of Porosity
Best Viewpoint Widget
Parameterized Sphere
Quality Value Calculation
Viewing Sphere
Viewpoint Viewing Sphere(Cylindrical sticks)
Viewing Sphere(Colored sphere)
Task 4: Best viewpoint
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Pipeline for the Interactive Exploration and Visual Analysis of Porosity in Carbon Fiber Reinfored
Polymers
Summary
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Vis. For Non-Destructive Testing: Outlook
Complex, novel and challenging data
Temporal changes of workpieces
Comparative visualization
Uncertainty visualization
Parameter space analysis
Ensemble visualization
Aggregated visualization
…
Eduard Gröller
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Thank You for Your Attention
Acknowledgments
Artem Amirkhanov
Christian Gusenbauer
Christoph Heinzl
Johann Kastner
Christoph Kuhn
Bernhard Plank
Andreas Reh
…
Questions ?
Comments?
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Visualization for Non-Destructive Testing
Abstract: New materials like carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) require novel non-destructive testing approaches. 3D X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is a scanning modality for the analysis and visualization of features and defects in industrial work pieces. Several application scenarios are discussed in this respect:
Porosity maps allow the characterization of porosity in carbon fiber reinforced polymers. Besides quantitative porosity determination and the calculation of local pore properties, i.e., volume, surface, dimensions and shape factors, we employ a drill-down approach to explore pores in a CFRP specimen.
MObjects are an aggregated approach for the visualization and interactive exploration of defects in industrial XCT. Mean objects (MObject) and mean object sets (MObjectSets) are visualized in a radial and parallel arrangement. Non-destructive testing practitioners use representative MObjects to improve ultrasonic calibration curves and as input for heat conduction simulations in active thermography.
Fuzzy CT Metrology can be used for dimensional measurement on uncertain data. Using 3D XCT the location of the specimen surface is estimated. Our technique provides the domain experts with uncertainty visualizations, which extend the XCT metrology workflow on different levels. The developed techniques are integrated into a tool utilizing linked views, smart 3D tolerance tagging and plotting functionalities.
Due to the rapid development of scanning devices, material sciences and non-destructive testing constitute a challenging application domain for innovative visualization research.
Eduard Gröller
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References
Eduard Gröller
Amirkhanov, A., Heinzl, Ch., Kuhn, Ch., Kastner, J., Gröller, E.: Fuzzy CT Metrology: Dimensional Measurements on Uncertain Data. In Proceedings of the 29th Spring conference on Computer Graphics (SCCG 2013), 2013.
Reh, A., Plank, B., Kastner, J., Gröller, E., Heinzl, C.: Porosity Maps – Interactive Exploration and Visual Analysis of Porosity in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers. Computer Graphics Forum, 31(3pt3):1185–1194, 2012. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03111.x
Reh, A., Gusenbauer, C., Kastner, J., Gröller, E., Heinzl, C.: MObjects—A Novel Method for the Visualization and Interactive Exploration of Defects in Industrial XCT Data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 19(12): 2906–2915, 2013. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2013.177
Weissenböck, J., Amirkhanov, A., Li, W., Reh, A., Amirkahanov, A., Gröller, E., Kastner, J., Heinzl, Ch.: FiberScout: An Interactive Tool for Exploring and Analyzing Fiber Reinforced Polymers. 2014 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, doi: 10.1109/PacificVis.2014.52
Heinzl Ch.: Analysis and Visualization of Industrial CT Data, PhD thesis, Vienna University of Technology, 2009 (http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2009/heinzl-2008-thesis/)
Amirkhanov, A.: Visualization of Industrial 3DXCT Data, PhD thesis, Vienna University of Technology, 2012