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Volcano Volcano NotesNotesChapter 18
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VocabularyVocabularyHot Spot-Hot region of Earth’s mantle where-high temperature mantle material rise towards the surface. Hawaii
Caldera- a large depression at the top of the volcano.• Pyroclastic Flow- gas, extremeheat and fragments that erupt
from a volcano. Fast moving and deadly!!
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VocabularyVocabularyAA- Jagged and sharp cooled lava
from Hawaiian shield volcanoes.
Pahoehoe- Lava that forms a ropy texture when cooled. Also, from a Hawaiian shield volcano.
Tephra- Rock fragments thrown up into the air during an eruption.
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VocabularyVocabularyFissure-long crack is
Lahar- A landslide or mudflow of volcanic fragments on the flanks of a volcano
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Composite/Composite/StratovolcanoStratovolcanoMagma Type- FelsicShape- Alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic flows. Steep
Eruption Type- ExplosiveExamples- Mt. Pinatubo , Mt. Vesuvius, Tambora, Krakatoa, and Mt. St. Helens.
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Mt. VesuviusMt. St. HelensPinatubo
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Shield VolcanoesShield VolcanoesMagma Type- MaficShape- Broad based with gentle slopes
Eruption Type- Quiet/Calm
Examples- Kilauea and Mauna Loa
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KilaueaMauna Loa
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Cinder Cone Cinder Cone VolcanoVolcano
Magma Type- FelsicShape- Steep SlopesEruption Type- Explosive
Examples- Paricutin
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SupervolcanoesSupervolcanoesMagma Type- FelsicShape- Caldera- typically underground
Eruption Type- Very explosive
Examples- Yellowstone and Toba
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Yellowstone Toba