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Scalability
Module 12
2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
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You Are Here
Course Introduction
Introduction to Virtualization
Virtual Machines
Data Protection
Access & Authentication Control
Resource Management and Monitoring
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Configure and Manage Virtual Networks
Configure and Manage Virtual Storage
Managing Virtual Machines
Scalability
Patch Management
Installing vSphere Components
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
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Importance
As you scale your VMware vSphere environment, you need to beaware of the vSphere features and functions that will help youmanage your growing environment.
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Describe the functions of a vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler(DRS) cluster.
Explain the benefits of Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC).
Create a DRS cluster.
View information about a DRS cluster.
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What Is a Cluster?
A cluster is a collection ofVMware ESXi hosts andassociated virtual machines
with vSphere High Availabilityand vSphere DistributedResource Scheduler (DRS)enabled.
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A DRS cluster is managed byVMware vCenter Server andhas these resourcemanagement capabilities:
Initial placement
Load balancing
Power management
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What is Storage DRS?
Storage DRS is used to automatically load balance across multipledatastores.
Datastores are grouped.
Performs automatic placement of virtual machines upon creation.
Storage DRS runs infrequently and does analysis to determine longterm load balancing.
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balancing.
I/O load history is checked once every 8 hours.
Storage DRS requires that Storage I/O Control be enabled on all thedatastores.
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DRS Cluster Prerequisites
DRS works best if the virtual machines meet VMware vSpherevMotion migration requirements.
To use DRS for load balancing, the hosts in the cluster must be partof a vMotion migration network.
If not, DRS can still make initial placement recommendations.
To use shared storage, configure all hosts in the cluster.
Volumes must be accessible by all hosts.
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Volumes must be large enough to store all virtual disks for your virtualmachine.
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DRS Cluster Settings: Automation Level
Automationlevel
Initial VMplacement
Dynamicbalancing
Configure automation levelfor initial placement of virtualmachines and dynamicbalancing while virtualmachines are running.
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Manual Manual Manual
Partiallyautomated
Automatic Manual
Fullyautomated
Automatic Automatic
Migration threshold determineshow quickly virtual machines
are migrated.
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DRS Cluster Settings: EVC
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EVC is a clusterfeature that preventsvMotion migrations
from failing because of
incompatible CPUs.
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CPU Baselines for an EVC Cluster
EVC works at the cluster level, using CPU baselines to configure allprocessors included in the cluster enabled for EVC.
A baseline is a set ofCPU features supported
by every host in thecluster.
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cluster enabled for EVC
CPU baseline feature set
CPUIDCPUIDCPUID CPUID
X X X K
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EVC Cluster Requirements
All hosts in the cluster must meet the following requirements:
Use CPUs from a single vendor (either Intel or AMD)
Use Intel CPUs with Core 2 micro architecture and newer
Use AMD first-generation Opteron CPUs and newer Run ESX 3.5 Update 2 or later
Be connected to vCenter Server
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e ena e or ar ware v r ua za on - or n e
Be enabled for execution-disable technology (AMD No eXecute (NX)or Intel eXecute Disable (XD))
Be configured for vMotion migration
Applications in virtual machines must be well-behaved.
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DRS Cluster Settings: Swap File Location
Store the virtual machines swap file with the virtual machine or in aspecified datastore.
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VMware recommends that
you store the swap file inthe same directory as thevirtual machine.
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DRS Cluster Settings: Affinity Rules for Virtual Machines
Affinity rules for virtualmachines specify thateither selected virtualmachines be placed onthe same host (affinity)or on different hosts(anti-affinity).
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Affinity rules:
Use for multivirtual machine systems where performance
benefits virtual machines communicating heavily with one
another.
Anti-affinity rules:
Use for multivirtual machine systems that load-balance
or require high availability.
Two rules:
Keep virtualmachinestogether
Separate virtualmachines
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DRS Cluster Settings: DRS Groups
A DRS group is: A group of
virtualmachines
A group ofhosts
A virtualmachine can
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belong tomultiple virtualmachine DRSgroups.
A host canbelong tomultiple hostDRS groups.
groups are use n
defining VirtualMachines to Hosts
affinity rules.
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DRS Cluster Settings: Virtual Machines to Hosts Affinity Rules
A Virtual Machinesto Hosts affinity rule:
Specifies anaffinity relationshipbetween a virtualmachine DRSgroup and a hostDRS group
Other options:Must run on hosts in group,
Must Not run on hosts in rou
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Is either a requiredrule or apreferential rule
Should Not run on hosts in group
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Virtual Machines to Hosts Affinity Rule: Preferential
A preferential rule is softly enforced and can be violated ifnecessary.
Example:
Group A
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machineson different bladesystems.
Blade Chassis A Blade Chassis B
DRS cluster
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Virtual Machines to Hosts Affinity Rule: Required
A required rule is strictly enforced and can never be violated.
Example:
Group A
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n orce
host-basedISV licensing.
ISV-licensed
DRS cluster
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DRS Cluster Settings: Automation at the Virtual Machine Level
Optionally, set automation level per virtual machine.
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Adding a Host to a Cluster
When adding a new host or moving a host into the cluster, you cankeep the resource pool hierarchy of the existing host.
For example, add sc-quail04 to Lab Cluster.
When addingthe host
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choose tocreate aresource
pool for thishosts virtual
machinesand resource
pools.
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Viewing DRS Cluster Information
The cluster Summary tab alsoprovides information specific toDRS.
The View Resource DistributionChart link displays CPU andmemory utilization per host.
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Viewing DRS Recommendations
Edit cluster properties.
Refresh recommendations.
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Apply a subset of
recommendations.
Apply all
recommendations.
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Monitoring Cluster Status
View the inventory hierarchy for the cluster state.
View the clusters Tasks & Events tab for more information.
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Maintenance Mode and Standby Mode
To service a host in a cluster (for example, to install more memory)or remove a host from a cluster, you must place the host inmaintenance mode.
Virtual machines on the host should be migrated to another host orshut down.
You cannot power on virtual machines or migrate virtual machines toa host entering maintenance mode.
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While in maintenance mode, the host does not allow you to deploy orpower on a virtual machine.
When a host is placed in standby mode, it is powered off.
This mode is used by VMware Distributed Power Management to
optimize power usage.
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Removing a Host from the DRS Cluster
Before removing a host froma DRS cluster, consider thefollowing issues:
The resource pool hierarchy
remains with the cluster. Because a host must be in
maintenance mode, allvirtual machines running on
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.
The resources available forthe cluster decrease.
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Improving Virtual Machine Performance
Methods forimproving virtualmachineperformance Fine Use network
traffic shaping.
Modify the virtualmachines CPU and memory
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Broad
Use a DRS cluster.
Use storage multipathing.
Use NIC teaming.
Modify the resource pools CPU andmemory limits and reservations.
reservations.
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Using vSphere High Availability and DRS Together
Reasons why vSphere HA might not be able to fail over virtualmachines:
vSphere HA admission control is disabled
Required Virtual Machines to Hosts affinity rule prevents vSphere HAfrom failing over.
Sufficient aggregated resources exist, but they are fragmented acrosshosts.
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In such cases, vSphere HA uses DRS to try to adjust the cluster bymigrating virtual machines to defragment the resources
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Lab 19
In this lab, you will implement a DRS cluster.
1. Create a DRS cluster.
2. Verify proper DRS cluster functionality.
3. Create, test, and disable affinity rules.
4. Create, test, and disable anti-affinity rules.
5. Create, test, and disable virtual machine to host affinity rules.
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Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:
Describe the functions of a DRS cluster.
Explain the benefits of EVC.
Create a DRS cluster.
View information about a DRS cluster.
Remove a host from a DRS cluster.
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Key Points
DRS clusters provide automated resource management for multipleESXi hosts.
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