Wake-up
1. Explain the difference between prophase and telophase.
2. What is the end result of the cell cycle?
3. If a cell has 140 chromosomes and it undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in the new cell?
Protein Synthesis
Christopherson
Write down 3 “things” that you know about DNA
What is a GENE?
Instruction manual for our body
Portion of DNA that “codes” (has
directions) for a trait
What is a TRAIT?A trait is a genetically determined characteristic
Where is a Gene?
•Within DNA
•The nitrogen bases spell out
the instructions.
RNARibonucleic
Acid
Make up of Nucleotides
Contains Phosphorus
RNA Nucleotide
A
BC
Phosphate
Ribose
Nitrogen Base
GuanineCytosineAdenine
Uracil
Types of RNA
Messenger RNA
Nickname: mRNA
Made up of ONE strand
of nucleotides
mRNA FunctionCopy a message from a gene on DNA
DNA
mRNA
Types of RNA
Transfer RNA
Nickname: tRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides and a amino acid
tRNA FunctionCarries amino acids to mRNA
mRNA
Amino Acids
Types of RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Nickname: rRNA
Made up of ONE strand of
nucleotides mixed with the
ribosome
rRNA FunctionForms peptide bonds between the amino acids
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
PeptideBond
rRNA
DNA versus RNA: # of Strands
1 strand2 strands
DNA versus RNA: Sugar
Deoxyribose Ribose
DNA versus RNA: Bonds with Adenine
Adenine Thymine Adenine Uracil
DNA RNA
Review: ProteinsProteins are made up of amino acids that
are held together by peptide bonds
Brief summary of Protein synthesis(Video iTunes: 12:22-14:58)
Make Proteins
Brief Summary of Transcription
Make mRNA from a gene on DNA
Location of Transcription
Nucleus
Process of Transcription
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G TA T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
DNA Backbone Nitrogen Bases
Choose a gene that needs to be “read” or copied
RNA Polymerase attaches to DNA and
breaks Hydrogen bonds; splitting DNA
RNA Polymerase
Process of Transcription
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
DNA BackboneNitrogen Bases
DNA
A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A T C A
RNA polymerase adds matching nucleotides to exposed DNA strand
mRNA
RNA Polymerase
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
DNA is split apart; separated
Process of Transcription
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G TA T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
DNA BackboneNitrogen Bases
DNA
A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A mRNA
RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase leaves
A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
mRNA leaves the nucleusDNA recombines
mRNA
Transcription AnimationTranscription Video #1
Translation Video: iTunes (16:37)
Transcribe the following
TAC GGC AAA TAG GAT TTT CCA TTA AGTDNA
AUG CCG UUU AUC CUA AAA GGU AAU UCA mRNA
