Download - Warm-Up 11/16/12
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Warm-Up 11/16/12
0Within the thylakoid membrane, chemiosmosis takes place converting _______energy into ______energy.
0Within the thylakoid membrane, chemiosmosis takes place converting light energy into chemical energy.
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The Cell: Chloroplasts & Mitochondria
Mrs. Ferenc Biology
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Overview0Mitochondria & chloroplasts are the organelles that
convert energy to useable forms for the cell0chloroplasts:
from sunlight to ATP & carbohydrates0ATP = active energy0carbohydrates = stored energy (think “carb
loading)
ATP
+ATP0Mitochondira:from glucose to ATP
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Mitochondria & Chloroplasts0Important to see the similarities0transform energy0generate ATP
0double membranes = 2 membranes0internal ribosomes, DNA & enzymes
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Chloroplasts0Type of plastid0Structure02 membranes
0outer membrane 0inner membrane
0internal fluid-filled space = stroma 0DNA, ribosomes & enzymes 0thylakoids = membranous sacs where ATP is
made0grana = stacks of thylakoids
Why internal sac membranes?
increase surface area for membrane-bound enzymes that synthesize ATP
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Chloroplasts0Function0photosynthesis 0generate ATP & synthesize sugars0transform solar energy into chemical energy0produce sugars from CO2 & H2O
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Mitochondria
0Almost all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria0there may be 1 very large mitochondrion or 100s to
1000s of individual mitochondria0number of mitochondria is correlated with aerobic
metabolic activity0more activity = more energy
needed = more mitochondria
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Mitochondria
0Structure02 membranes0Cristae0Folds to increase surface area, allows
more energy to be obtained within cell0Fluid space between 2 membranes0internal fluid-filled space
0mitochondrial matrix0DNA, ribosomes & enzymes
Why 2 membranes?
increase surface area for membrane-bound enzymes that synthesize ATP
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Mitochondria0Function0cellular respiration0generate ATP 0from breakdown of sugars, fats
& other fuels 0in the presence of oxygen0break down larger molecules into smaller to
generate energy 0generate energy in presence of O2 = aerobic
respiration
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Any Questions??
Today’s Assignment: Chloroplast & Mitochondria
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