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Warm-Up:
Write a homework reminder! Remember, you must include the analogy with the name of the organelle and function - do QUALITY WORK!
Update your table of contents!
Date Session#
Activity Page#
2/4 & 2/5
3 Cellular Processes – Intro to STERNGRR 6
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Data Folders
You will get your data folder and file all of your tests and quizzes from last quarter.
While you wait, review your notes so you will do better during the Quick Ticket Review!
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Quick Ticket Review
Cells contain organelles and each organelle has a specific function to keep the cell alive…lets see if you remember!
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Quick Ticket Review
Makes the energy for the cell
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Stores materials like water, nutrients
and waste
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Sends proteins where they are
needed
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Quick Ticket Review
Produces food energy through
photosynthesis
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Quick Ticket Review
Semi-permeable barrier that controls
what enters or leaves
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What does semi-permeable mean?
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Provides structure and protection in
plant cells
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Liquid that supports organelles and holds
them in place
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Builds proteins
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Controls the cell and contains the DNA
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Quick Ticket Review
Packages and delivers materials to make proteins
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Quick Ticket Review
Larger storage area found in plant cells
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Digests or breaks down materials
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Review
Take it back a little further…
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The study of life
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5 Characteristics of a Living Thing
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A living thing made up of at least one cell
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Organism made up of many cells
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The smallest unit of any living thing
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Organism made up of only one cell
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Type of cell that has a nucleus
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3 Points of The Cell Theory
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Quick Ticket Review
Eukaryotic cells usually go with which type of
organism?
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Type of cell that does not have a
nucleus
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Prokaryotic cells go with which type of
organism?
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Quick Ticket Review
Which organisms are Eukaryotic and
Unicellular?
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What do all cells need to function?
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How do plant cells make their energy?
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How do animal cells make their energy?
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5 Characteristics of a Living Thing -Expanded Details
Organized Structure - cells & their organelles - DNA/genetic codes
Grow and Develop – making new cells, repair of cells
Respond to Environment – adapts, reacts to stimuli
Reproduction – producing offspring Uses/needs energy – photosynthesis
& cellular respiration
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Review
The two main processes for creating energy in a cell are Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration but there are many more processes that ensure cell function & survival!
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(Metabolic) Cellular Processes:The processes we will discuss…STERNGRR
1. Synthesis (photosynthesis would fit here)
2. Transport3. Excretion4. Regulation5. Nutrition6. Growth7. Respiration (cellular respiration would fit here)
8. Reproduction
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Synthesis How organisms build necessary materials Examples:
Protein Synthesis: making proteins Photosynthesis: plants make food using energy from sunlight
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Synthesis
Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?
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Transport
How organisms get what they need to cells (moving materials within the organism) Examples:
Active Transport vs. Passive Transport
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Transport
Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?
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Excretion
How organisms get rid/break down their waste and balance their fluids Examples:
Removing anything unnecessary from the cell
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Excretion
Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?
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Regulation
How organisms control body processes Examples:
Important to homeostasis - to maintain balance within the body and adapt to changes
Sweating – reduces body temperature
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Regulation
Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?
Sweating – reduces body temperature
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Nutrition How organisms get or obtain food Examples:
Fungi decompose dead remains (decomposer) Plants make their own food (autotroph) Animals consume other organisms and absorb food (heterotroph)
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Nutrition
Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?
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Growth
How organisms make new cells and develop and repair necessary body parts Example: Cell division (Mitosis)
Grow – to get larger in size; body size
Develop – to change due to hormonal or mental cues
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Growth
Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?
Grow – to get larger in size; body size
Develop – to change due to hormonal or mental cues
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Respiration
How organisms make usable energy
Example:
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Respiration
Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?
Example:
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Reproduction Organisms produce offspring to prevent extinctionExamples:
Mitosis & Meiosis Sexual or Asexual Reproduction
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Reproduction
Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?
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A Gummy Situation We are going to use your gummy bear to
demonstrate some of the cellular processes and vocabulary next class.
Name your gummy bear, and write the name on the masking tape.
Fill your container with water – enough to cover a gummy bear, but not so much that it will spill out when you place the bear in!
Put your bear in the water filled container, put the lid on, and put the masking tape label over the lid.
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Part 1: Create a Hypothesis… If I leave my gummy bear
baby in water until Friday, then…..because…..
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Relationship Sets – “Self Vocab Quiz” You will create 10 “relationship sets”
or sentences to show that you understand the relationship between the vocabulary words from the last 3 lessons.
Minimum of 2 words per sentence, but no maximum.
You may repeat words, but be careful not to write the same concept over and over.
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Relationship Sets – “Self Vocab Quiz”
Bueno (Good): Cellular respiration is the process through which animal cells create energy, and the main organelle involved in this process is the mitochondria.
No Bueno (No Good): Organisms can be both biotic or abiotic because they are made of cells.
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Warm-Up: Write your homework – get it
stamped! Put your Cell Analogies in the
basket! If you did not turn your relationship
sets in last class, please turn those in as well!
Date Session#
Activity Page#
2/6 & 2/7
4 Cellular Processes – In Depth 7
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Cellular ProcessesCellular processes are things needed to keep the cell alive.
1. Photosynthesis2. Cellular Respiration3. Transport
Active Passive
DiffusionOsmosis
4. Mitosis
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1. Photosynthesis
Plant cells use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water to make food.
Reactants Process Products
Carbon DioxideWaterEnergy (sunlight)
The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food
Sugars (glucose) Oxygen
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Chemical Formula for Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy from Sunlight ---> 6O2 + C6H12O6
STOP & THINK: Is this endothermic or exothermic?
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2. Cellular Respiration
Animal Cells then use the oxygen and sugars to “breathe” and make energy (ATP)
Reactants Process Products
Sugars (glucose)Oxygen
The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy
Carbon DioxideWaterEnergy (ATP)
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Chemical Formula for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
STOP & THINK: Is this endothermic or exothermic?
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Turn & Talk:Cellular Respiration Question
Why do you breathe more when you’re running around than when you’re sitting watching television?
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Cellular Respiration Answer
Because you’re requiring more energy when you run than when you’re just sitting watching TV right?
So if you need more energy, then you need more oxygen to give you that energy so your cells undergo respiration!
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3. TRANSPORT Things have to move in and out
of the cell
There are 2 types of transportActive TransportPassive Transport
Remember: Which organelle allows things to enter or leave the cell?
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Active VS. Passive
Materials are moved in and out of cell using the cell’s energy
Materials are moved in and out of cell WITHOUT using the cell’s energyRemember:
Which organelle makes the energy for the cell again?
What is that process called when the cell makes energy?
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Passive Transport
The cell uses 2 main processes to passively move materials in and out of the cell. Diffusion Osmosis
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Diffusion
Process by which molecules spread out Move from areas of HIGH
concentration to LOW concentration
BUT WHY??
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Equilibrium
Molecules don’t like to be crowded, so they spread out, or diffuse, until their concentration is equal everywhere, which is called equilibrium.
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Turn & Talk:Diffusion Questions
What happens when you add Kool-Aid to water?
What happens when you keep adding water?
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Diffusion Review Answer The Kool-Aid begins to diffuse
throughout the water until the Kool-Aid reaches equilibrium.
The Kool-Aid becomes less concentrated (both the color and the flavor) as you add more water.
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Diffusion Demo
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Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a membrane
Remember:
Which organelle would store water in the cell??
Which organelle would the water have to pass through to enter the cell again?
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Turn & Talk:Osmosis Question
Why do your hands get wrinkly when you’re in the water for a long time?
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Osmosis Review Answer
When your hands are in water for a long period time you wash off the oily substance that keeps water from entering your skin. So once that oily layer is washed away your skin becomes semi-permeable and water passes through the membrane, which is osmosis. Your hands become wrinkly because they are trying to reach equilibrium with the water, but only some of your skin is actually attached to the tissue underneath!!
Bonus – it is an evolutionary adaptation that helps us grip wet objects!
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A Gummy Situation Part 2
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Let’s take a break and check on our Gummy Bear Babies…
Using the following vocabulary words, explain what happened to your baby: Transport (distinguish whether it is
active or passive) Osmosis Diffusion/Diffuse Concentration Equilibrium
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4. Mitosis
The steps a cell goes through to reproduce and make more cells so an organism can grow and repair itselfNew cell is an
exact copy of original cell
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Mitosis
Mitosis is a process broken down into 4 parts: Part 1: Prophase Part 2: Metaphase Part 3: Anaphase Part 4: Telophase
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Mitosis Use your book to fill out the
graphic organizer for Mitosis…Pages E82-E83
Prophase• Nuclear membrane disappears
• DNA condenses into chromosomes
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Mitosis
Anaphase • Chromosomes split into two identical separate sets
• The 2 sets of chromosomes pull to the opposite ends of the cell
Metaphase• Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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Mitosis
Telophase• 2 new nuclear membranes form
• The cell pinches and divides into 2 new cells!!
• cytoplasm is divided which is called cytokinesis
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Mitosis & Binary Fission
Why do you think it is important for the DNA/chromosomes to be copied before the cell divides?
What is binary fission? How is it similar and different to mitosis?
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Cells Alive Animation
Phases of Mitosis
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
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Tie it all Together… For the cells to carry out all of these
processes, what do they need? How do we get that energy? Do all foods give us the same
nutrients and therefore amount of energy?
So, how do we ensure that our cells stay healthy and are able to function?
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HOMEWORK
Bring in a nutrition label from any food next class…feel free to bring extras for those who “forget!”
BYOT