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Mike Lubliner, Building Science Specialist
Washington State Energy Code 2018 Residential
Effective November 1, 2020(original effective date was July 1, 2020)
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WSU Code Support Services
Technical support provided in Washington:
• Training (in person, webinars, video)
• Phone and email inquiry hotline support
• Energy code compliance tools
• Website with educational resources:
WSU Energy Code website
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WSU Technical Assistance Services
• Delivered 80 WSEC-R 2015 trainings to 2,100 attendees
• Reply to over 2,000 hotline calls and emails annually
• Participate in SBCC Energy & Mechanical TAGs
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Energy Code Support in WA State
Residential - Spend an hour on our web page!
• WSU Energy Program
• 360-956-2042
• www.energy.wsu.edu/code
• Mike Lubliner, Melinda Spencer,
Carolyn Roos
Non-residential• Evergreen Technology Consulting
• 360-539-5300• [email protected]
• http://waenergycodes.com
• Lisa Rosenow
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2018 WSEC-R: Past, Current and Future45% energy savings
(or 55% of the energy consumption in 2006)
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Code Chapters
• Chapter 1 - Scope and Administration
• Chapter 2 - Definitions
• Chapter 3 - General Requirements
• Chapter 4 - Residential Energy Efficiency
• Chapter 5 - Existing Buildings
• Chapter 6 - Reference Standards
• Appendix A - Default Heat Loss U-Factors
• Appendix RA/RB - R405 Optional Energy Measures
• Appendix C - Exterior Design Conditions
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Chapter 4 Residential Energy Efficiency
• R401 - General
• R402 - Building Envelope
• R403 - Mechanical Systems
• R404 - Electrical Power & Lighting
• R405 - Simulated Performance Alternative
• R406 - Additional Energy Efficiency Credits
• R407 - Certified Passive House
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R401- General
401.2 - Compliance Paths
• R402.1 - Prescriptive & R406
• R402.1.4 - UA Alternative & R406
• R405 - Simulated Performance Alternative & R406
• R406 - Energy Credits for SF and low-rise MF (raised #)
• R407 - Certified Passive House (new)
Note: Energy Rating Index (ERI/HERS Index) is not an
approved compliance path in Washington. However, ERI
may be used by energy raters for IRS $2,000/home
builder tax credits.
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Prescriptive R-Value
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Additional Energy Credits - Yikes
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Additional Energy Credits (cont.)
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Dwelling or Sleeping Unit Energy Credits
• Small (<1,500 sf)
– 1.5 credits in 2015 (3.0 starting Nov. 1, 2020)
• Medium (1,500 – 5,000 sf)– 3.5 credits in 2015 (6.0 starting Nov. 1, 2020)
• Large (>5,000 sf)
– 4.5 credits in 2015 (7.0 starting Nov. 1, 2020 )
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Dwelling or Sleeping Unit Energy Credits (cont.)
• Low-rise multifamily (all sizes)– 1.5 credits in 2015 (4.5 starting Nov. 1, 2020)
• Additions less than 500 sf– 0.5 credit in 2015 (1.5 starting Nov. 1, 2020)
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R406.2 - Fuel Normalization - Yikes
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R406.2 - Fuel Normalization
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(1) Envelope Credits
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(1) Envelope Credits (cont.)
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(2) Air Leakage Control & Ventilation System Effectiveness Credits
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(2) Air Leakage Control & Ventilation Credits (cont.)
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(3) HVAC Credits
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(3) HVAC Credits (cont.)
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(4) HVAC Distribution Credits
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(5) DHW Credits
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DHW Credits (cont.)
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DHW Credits (cont.)
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(6) Renewable Electric Energy Credits
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(7) Appliance Credits
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All Electric Heat Pump 1,500 to 5,000 sf homes (6.0 credits)
Opt Description – Nov. 1, 2020 Pts
3.2 (a) HSPF 9.5 centrally ducted heat pump 1.0
4.2All ducts and furnace inside the
conditioned space 1.0
2.1 3 ACH50, Energy Star 0.3 cfm/sf 0.5
1.3R-38 floors (R10 under slab) and
U-0.28 windows and door average0.5
5.5 Heat pump water heater NEEA Tier III 2.0
Heat
HPFuel equalization heat pump credit 1.0
Total 6.0
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Heat Pump & Gas DHW1,500 to 5,000 sf homes (6.0 credits)
Opt Description – Nov. 1, 2020 Pts
3.5a11.0 HSPF centrally ducted
heat pump 1.5
4.2All ducts and furnace inside
conditioned space 1.0
2.1 3 ACH50, Energy Star 0.3 cfm/sf 0.5
1.4
U-0.25 windows, R38
crawl/R10 under slab, R21 with
R4 CI on exterior walls
1.0
5b Gas water heater ≥ 0.91 UEF 1.0
Heat
HP
Fuel equalization heat pump
credit1.0
Total 6.0
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Gas Heat + HPWH1,500 to 5,000 sf homes (6.0 credits)
Opt Description – Nov. 1, 2020 Pts
3.1a 95% AFUE gas furnace 1.0
4.2All ducts and furnace inside
conditioned space 1.0
2.1 3 ACH50, Energy Star 0.3 cfm/sf 0.5
1.4U-0.25 windows, R38 crawl/R10 under
slab, R21 with R4 CI exterior walls1.0
7.1
Appliance Credit: Energy Star
dishwasher, washer, refrigerator (if
provided) and vent-less dryer (CEF 5.2)
0.5
5b Heat pump water heater NEEA Tier III 2.0
Total 6.0
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DHP + Electric Heat Multifamily - Low-rise R2
Opt Description – Nov. 1, 2020 Pts
3.4 DHP with electric resistance 2.0
1.2 Triple pane window U=0.22 1.0
2.10.25 cfm50/sf unit sf (or 2 ACH50)
+ 65% HRV/ERV – tested!!!1.5
Total 4.5
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HSPF 10 VRF-HPMultifamily - low-rise R2
Opt Description – Nov. 1, 2020 Pts
2 Fuel equalization – HP 1.0
3.6 All HSPF 10 (ducted cassette) 3.0
2.20.25 cfm50/sf unit sf (or 2 ACH50) + 65% HRV/ERV
– tested!!!1.5
Total 5.5
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• Total UA Alternative is typically used when prescriptive
path assembly is not a viable option.
• Default U-factors - typical assemblies are in Appendix A.
• Unlike the prescriptive path, which allows unlimited
fenestration (e.g., windows), the UA Alternative and the
simulated performance path use 15% in the target
home.
R402.1.4 Total UA Alternative
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UA Alternative ExampleBuilding Envelope Trade-Off
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• 15% target home also used for standard reference
home, just like UA tradeoff compliance. This makes it
harder to comply when building over 15%.
• WSU is not aware of software that currently meets the
requirements of Table 405.5.2(1).
• We may see this for Energy Raters working with
builders who desire IRS tax credits in 2020.
R405 –Simulated Performance Alternative
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R401.3 Certificate
• A permanent certificate shall be completed by the
builder or other approved party
• Post on a wall in the space where the furnace is
located, utility room or an approved location inside
• The certificate shall list the R-values of insulation:
ceiling/roof, walls, foundation (slab, below-grade wall,
and/or floor), and ducts outside conditioned spaces
• U-factors for fenestration (see glazing worksheet)
.
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R401.3 Certificate (cont.)
• Types and efficiencies:
– HVAC
– DHW service water heating
– Appliances
– Renewables
• Test results & documentation:
– Ductwork air leakage by certified tester (per RS-33)
– Envelope air leakage
– Ventilation flow rate testing & commissioning
.
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R401.3 Certificate - New (cont.)
Code official may
require that test
documentation
include an
electronic record
of the time, date
and location of
the test, using a
date-stamped
smart phone
photo or air
leakage testing
software.
.
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R401.3 Certificate (new HVAC tests)
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Testing Affidavits & Resources
Duct Testing (new & existing) Test Result Calculator
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Why Do We Seal Ducts?
• Health & safety
• Comfort
• Energy savings
• Building durability
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Duct Testing Standards
• Total leakage ≤ 4 cfm per 100 sf of conditioned floor
area @ 25 Pa for a complete system at rough-in
• Total leakage ≤ 3 cfm per 100 sf of conditioned floor
area @ 25 Pa if air handler has not been installed
• Total leakage test: ≤ 4 cfm per 100 sf of conditioned
floor area @ 25 Pa at post construction
• Leakage to exterior test: ≤ 4 cfm per 100 sf of
conditioned floor area @ 25 Pa - duct tester & blower
door used together to eliminate leakage of ducts
“inside” at post construction
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Duct Sealants
All joints, seams and connections shall
be fastened and sealed
• See IMC 603.9 or IRC M1601.3 for details
• Closure systems must be installed
according to the manufacturer’s listing
• Unlisted duct tape is not permitted as a
sealant on any metal ducts
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Necessary Equipment
• Duct tester
• Manometer
• Register blocks or “mask”
fan & rings
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Duct Testing (R403.3.3)
• Duct testing not required when ducts &
air handlers are located entirely within
the building’s thermal envelope
• A maximum of 10 linear feet of return
ducts and 5 linear feet of supply ducts
may be located outside
• Buried ducts shall be tested to 3% of
conditioned floor area (new for 2018)
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R403.3.6 “Buried” Ducts
https://basc.pnnl.gov/sites/default/files/prese
ntations/Training%20Presentation.pdf
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HVAC in the Conditioned Space“Change”
• Moves HVAC into conditioned space & NOT crawlspace,
garage or attic
• By far the most cost-effective measure and largely
avoided until 2020
• Requires design planning between builder, HVAC sub and
floor plan designer
• Don’t drive an expensive box “on flat tires.” Just do it!
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R403.3.7 Locating Ducts in Conditioned Space
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Why HVAC in the Conditioned Space
HVAC in conditioned space,
NOT crawlspace, garage or attic
• Fewer, smaller “right-sized” ducts & S/R registers
• Install conducive to good installation & QA
• Fewer comfort issues from cold air blasts
• Download and review article from Energy Program
web page
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How to Move Ducts Inside -Just do it, or spend more $
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HVAC Inside Ideas –Habitat for Humanity
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HVAC Inside Ideas - Quadrant
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HVAC Inside Ideas –New Tradition Homes
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Air Barriers and Energy Code R402.4
What does the Energy Code require?
• Prescriptive air sealing
• Testing of the air barrier
• Maximum leakage targets
o 2015 WSEC maximum = 5 ACH50
New/Additions
o 2018 may need 0.5 credit for 3 ACH50
o 2018 may want 2.0 ACH50 w/HRV or
ERV 2020 for 1.5 - 2.0 credits
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Table R402.4.1.1Air Barrier and Thermal Barrier
Building envelope must
have continuous air barrier
Breaks or joints are sealed
Air-permeable insulation is
not an air barrier VS.
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QA Tools for New Construction Maximum Leakage = 5 ACH50
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WSU Video Resource “Built Tight, Ventilate Right”
Duct Sealing for Comfort, Energy and Air Quality http://www.energy.wsu.edu/videos/duct-sealing/
Sealing HVAC system ducts is a cost-effective energy efficiency
action that also improves indoor air quality. Building professionals
and homeowners will learn how ducts move air, where common
leaks are, and how to fix leaks.
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WSU Video Resource “Build Tight”
Air Leakage in Homes: The Invisible Thiefhttp://www.energy.wsu.edu/videos/air-leakage-in-homes_part-01/
(presented in 7 chapters)
![Page 59: Washington State Energy Code 2018 Residential Effective ... hr 2018 WSEC-R.pdfMike Lubliner, Building Science SpecialistWashington State Energy Code 2018 Residential Effective November](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050609/5fb032159a9cd13cdf361b19/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
WSU Video Resource “Ventilate Right”
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R402.4.2.1 Gas Fireplace Efficiency50% FE for Heaters (new)
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R403.7.1 Electric Resistance Zone Heated Units – since 2015
All detached one- and two-family
dwellings and multiple single-family
dwellings (townhouses) up to three
stories in height above grade plane
using electric zonal heating as the
primary heat source shall install an
inverter-driven ductless mini-split
heat pump in the largest zone in the
dwelling.*
1.5 - 2.0 credits allowed from options package 3.6 for single family
and multifamily, respectively (increase credits from 2015)
* Does not apply to R-2 construction
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