Download - Waste characterisation
University of Bristol
Sustainable Water Supply & Sanitation in Developing Countries
Veronica Di Bella
Challenges and Learning from Waste
Characterisation in Developing Countries
Research carried out at CeTAmb – Research centre for appropriate technologies for environmental management
in Developing Countries, University of Brescia, Italy
Case studies from South Sudan and Somaliland
First case study – Juba, South Sudan
Project and study area
Municipal solid waste management in Juba
2 studies on waste production and composition
Challenges and lessons learned
Second case study – Hargeisa, Somaliland
Outline
Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
First case study – South Sudan
The project
Project Environmental protection and sustainable
development: building local capacities on solid waste
management in South Sudan
Period 2010-2012
Aims Strengthening the capacity of LA and NSAs of Juba
County in solid waste management
Funds European Commission, Italian cooperation agency
Leader Cesvi NGO
Partners and associates SSDO, CeTAmb
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Study area
South Sudan – Newest
country in the world
Independence from
Sudan on 9th July 2011
Still several issues
(e.g. ethnic conflicts and
lack of infrastructures)
Population of about 9
million inhabitants
Source: CIA, The
World Factbook,
2012
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Study area: Juba
Current capital of the Republic of South Sudan
No official data about population (probably about 1 million
people)
Divided in 16 districts (payams): 7 of them within the urban area
Concentration of public administration and international
community
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Waste collection in Juba
Payam Responsible
institution
Users Type of
collection
Juba Southern Express
company
Commercial
activities
Door-to-door
collection
Kator Kator payam Markets and
households (only
in some
residential areas)
Door-to-door
collection
Munuki Philling
Environmental
company
Commercial
activities
No data
available
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Waste collection in Juba
Kator payam
Juba payam Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Waste disposal in Juba
Municipal dumping site Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
First study on waste production
and composition
April 2010
20 households selected in 5 areas
Study conducted by SSDO, lasting 10 days
Collection, weighing and analysis of daily generated waste
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
First study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
First study on waste production
and composition
Munuki
Kator
Tong Ping
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
First study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
First study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
First study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
First study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Area: Tong Ping
Household Number: 001
Data collected by: Emmanuel
Data in Kg
First study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Number of inhabitants = 17
Data in Kg
TOTAL Production for 10 days = 184.5 Kg
Per-capita production= 1.32 Kg/pc/day
Per-capita production
First study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Data in Kg
Density
DAYS M T W Th F Sa Su M T W
WEIGHT
FULL
CONTAINER
16.0 14.0 5.0 8.0 6.0 9.5 5.0 2.5 11.0 8.0
Weight of empty container= 0.8 kg
Volume of the container = 0.02 m3
DAYS M T W Th F Sa Su M T W
DENSITY 760.0 660.0 210.0 360.0 260.0 435.0 210.0 85.0 510.0 360.0
Data in Kg
AVERAGE DENSITY= 385.0 Kg/m3
First study on waste production and
composition
Values of density from Tchobanoglous, 1993 Average Density = 199.6 kg/m3
Second study on waste production
and composition
November 2010
30 households selected in 3 payams (Juba, Kator and Munuki)
Study conducted by CeTAmb
Waste stored for four days
Collection, weighing and composition analysis
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Second study on waste production
and composition
1st Phase:
Distribution of plastic bags and explanation
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Second study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Second study on waste production
and composition
2nd Phase:
Waste storage for 4 days
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Second study on waste production
and composition
3rd Phase:
Collection of full bags
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
4th Phase: Weighing
Second study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
5th Phase: Composition analysis
Second study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Payam Per-capita production (kg/inh/day)
Range Average
Munuki 0.10-0.75 0.33
Kator 0.16-0.75 0.40
Juba 0.29-1.00 0.64
Average 0.42
Second study on waste production
and composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Payam Food
and
garden
waste
Paper Plastic Textile Metals Glass Nappies Miscella
neous
Munuki 44.4% 6.7% 11.1% 2.6% 1.9% 0.0% 3.7% 29.6%
Kator 22.5% 18.0% 20.3% 13.5% 9.0% 3.2% 0.0% 13.5%
Juba 30.8% 11.5% 23.1% 19.2% 15.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Average 32.6% 12.1% 18.2% 11.8% 8.7% 1.1% 1.2% 14.4%
Second study on waste production
and composition
Comparison of the results
Study
Food and
garden
waste
Paper Plastic Textile Metals Glass Miscella
neous
April 2010 30.5% 14.4% 16.7% 1.2% 9.3% 10.8% 17.1%
November
2010 32.6% 12.1% 18.2% 11.8% 8.7% 1.1% 15.5%
Per-capita production (kg/inh/day)
April 2010 November 2010
0.72 0.42
Household waste production
Household waste composition
Outline
First case study
– Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
What have we learnt from this
example?
Phase Challenges
Before the study -
-
-
During the study -
-
-
Data analysis -
-
-
Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case study
– Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Second case study – Somaliland
The project
Project SUDP SISDISC
Period 2005-2008 2008-2009
Aims Support the development of
urban areas through
strengthening urban institutions
Providing priority basic services
in the waste management
sector.
Funds European Commission, UNDP European Commission, Italian
cooperation agency, UN-
Habitat
Leader UN-Habitat Cesvi NGO
Partners UNA Consortium, UNICEF,
ILO, UNDP, NOVIB, CeTAmb
CeTAmb, Boroma University
Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case
study –
Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Study area
Somalia - East Africa
Capital City: Mogadiscio
18 regions and 3
“independent” states:
1991 Somaliland
1998 Puntland
2006 Galmudug
Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case
study –
Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Study area: Hargeisa
Capital city and the biggest urban setting in Somaliland
Population: about 650,000 inhabitants
Concentration of public administration, private sector and
international community
Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case
study –
Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Analysis of the composition of
plastic waste
1st Phase: Plastic collection Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case
study –
Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Analysis of the composition of
plastic waste
2nd Phase: Identification, separation and weighing of the different
polymers
Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case
study –
Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Analysis of the composition of
plastic waste
2nd Phase: Identification, separation and weighing of the different
polymers
Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case
study –
Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Analysis of the composition of
plastic waste
2nd Phase: Identification, separation and weighing of the different
polymers
Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case
study –
Hargeisa,
Somaliland
Analysis of the composition of
plastic waste
Analysis of the results Outline
First case study –
Juba, South
Sudan
Challenges and
lessons learnt
Second case
study –
Hargeisa,
Somaliland