Download - Water purification methods
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WATER PURIFICATION METHODS
Natural purification
Purification at small scale
Purification at large scale
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Natural purification methods
•Aeration
•Oxidation
•Filtration through
layers of soil
•Aquatic animals
•Evaporation
•Flow of water
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PURIFICATION AT SMALL SCALE
• DOMESTIC FILTER
• BOILING
• CHEMICAL PROCESS
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1. DOMESTIC FILTER
A. CLOTH FILTER
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B. CERAMIC FILTER
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INSTUCTIONS TO USE THE FILTER CANDLE
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C. ULTRA VIOLET FILTER
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PARTS OF ULTRA VIOLET FILTER
• Pre filter
• Activated carbon
• Ultra violet chamber
• Electronic monitoring system
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2. BOILING
• Advantages:
– Simple and effective method of purification
– Will kill many waterborne bacteria through the intense heat
– Uses local available materials
• Disadvantages:
– Can sometimes be difficult, time consuming, and cost inefficient because of the
high volume of fuel used
– Will not remove mud from ‘murky’ water
– Will not remove suspended or dissolved compounds
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3. CHEMICAL PROCESS
BLEACHING POWDER
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• Advantages:
– Easy to use method of chemical purification of water
– Effective at killing bacteria and viruses
– Inexpensive
• Disadvantages:
– Not effective at killing all parasites.
– Complex compounds can form with organic material which over time can be
hazardous to health.
– It is best to use the water in a shorter period of time and store it in a plastic
container in a cool and shaded place.
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CHLORINE SOLUTION
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CHLORINE TABLET
• Halazone tablet is available
in the market.
• Good to disinfect the small
quantities of water.
• Costly.
• 0.5 g sufficient to disinfect
20 liter of water.
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INSTRUCTIONS TO USE CHLORINE TABLET
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ALUM
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IODINE
• Emergency method to disinfect
the water.
• Two drops of iodine with 2%
ethanol solution sufficient for I
liter of water.
• Larger amount will stimulate
thyroid activity.
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POTTASIUM PERMANGANATE
• No longer recommended
for disinfection of water.
• It will alter the color,
smell and taste of water.
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