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Design of a small horizontal axis wind turbine, HAWT
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Design parameters
• Power Output, P: 300 W• Wind velocity , c: 8 m/s• Tip Speed Ratio, TSR: 5• Assumed efficiency, : 30 %• Number of blades, z: 2• Wing profile: NACA 23015 • Angle of attack, 8o
• Lift coefficient, CL: 0,8• Drag coefficient, CD: 0,01
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Radius of the turbine
mc
PR
cRcP
02,13,082,1
23002
22
1
33
323
D
Where:A = Area [m2]c = Wind velocity [m/s] = Efficiency [ - ]P = Power [W] = Density [kg/m3]R = Radius [m]
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Speed of the turbine
rpmR
TSRcn 374
02,12
6058
2
60
sradn
2,3960
2374
60
2
Where:c = Wind velocity [m/s]n = Speed [rpm] = Angular velocity [rad/s]R = Radius [m]
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322
3
2P
2
1P
crrrz
c
Power through a section of the turbine blade
r
r
A
22 rrrz
A
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Torque force, FT from a section of the turbine blade
r
r
AFT
2
PF
2FP
rr
rr
T
T
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Wing profile
Chord Length, Lchord
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LChord
4
FL
FD
v
AVCF
AVCF
DD
LL
2
2
2
1
2
1
Where:A = Area [m2]a = Angle of attack [degrees]CD = Drag Coefficient [ - ]CL = Lift Coefficient [ - ]FD = Drag Force [N]FL = Lift Force [N]LChord = Chord Length [m] = Density [kg/m3]V = Relative velocity [m/s]
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Ru Peripheral velocity
u
u
c
Wind velocity = c
Relative velocity = V
V
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c
u = ·r
vFL
FD
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c
u = ·r
v
FL
FDv
c
u
AVCF
AVCF
DD
LL
2
2
2
1
2
1
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c
u = ·r
v
FL
FD
v
c
u
FL(Torque)
FD(Torque)
cos
sin
)(
)(
DTorqueD
LTorqueL
FF
FF
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c
u = ·r
v
FL
FD
FT
cos - sin DLT FFF
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vFT
cos - sin2
2DLChordT CCVrLF
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Chord Length, Lchord
cos - sin
2
cos - sin2
2
2
DL
TChord
DLChordT
CCVr
FL
CCVrLF
Lchord
vc
u
2
tan
2
Tan
1
rr
c
rr
c
u
c
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Output data
rA P T FT u v LChord
[m] [m2] [W] [Nm] [N] [m/s] [m/s] [degrees] [m]
0,099 0,03422 3 0,080 0,81 3,9 8,9 64,0 0,2460,196 0,05953 5 0,140 0,71 7,7 11,1 46,1 0,1750,293 0,08891 8 0,209 0,71 11,5 14,0 34,8 0,1390,389 0,11829 11 0,277 0,71 15,3 17,3 27,6 0,1140,486 0,14766 14 0,346 0,71 19,1 20,7 22,7 0,0960,583 0,17704 16 0,415 0,71 22,9 24,3 19,3 0,0820,679 0,20642 19 0,484 0,71 26,7 27,9 16,7 0,0720,776 0,2358 22 0,553 0,71 30,5 31,5 14,7 0,0640,873 0,26518 24 0,622 0,71 34,3 35,2 13,1 0,0580,970 0,29456 27 0,691 0,71 38,1 38,9 11,9 0,052
