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WAVES
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Wave - a periodic disturbance that propagates energy through a medium or space, without a corresponding transfer of matter.
e.g.1 sound wave (regular variation in pressure)
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e.g. 2 light wave ( regular variation in the strength or direction of magnetic and electric fields)
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crest
trough
amplitude
Equilibrium position
wavelength
Parts of a Wave
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Crest – an upward displacement that is created in a medium as a wave passes by
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Trough – a downward displacement that is created in a medium as it passes by
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Amplitude – the maximum distance from the equilibrium position which the particles of the medium are displaced as the waves passes by
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Wavelength – this is the distance between any particle on a wave and the nearest particle that is in phase with it. The symbol is (Greek letter lambda)
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Mechanical Waves
Waves that travel through a material medium
e.g. water, sound, seismic, slinky
i.e. not electromagnetic
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Motion in a Wave
• As a wave moves through a medium (say a rope) the particles move perpendicular to the motion (propagation) of the wave.
• This is known as a transverse wave
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In a transverse wave, we would say that points A & B are “in phase”. They are points 1 wavelength apart and are moving in the same direction at the same speed.
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Longitudinal or Compression Waves
Waves in which the displacement of the particles in the medium are parallel to the direction of the motion of the wave.
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Animations – types of waves
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Continuous waves – displacements that occur at regular intervals (e.g. 5 waves / second)
Pulse – a single displacement
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Frequency (f) – the number of displacements or cycles per second (unit is Hertz – Hz)
e.g 5 waves per second = 5 Hz
Period (T) – the time between the passage of two successive crests past a given point.
-the amount of time for one cycle to complete
-Units are units of time (s, min, hr, day, etc)
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Frequency and period are inverses of each other
fT
1
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The Universal Wave Equation
Given the diagram below
The wave travels the distance in one period (T)
Recall the equation for velocity
t
dv
f
fT
v
1
fv
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Sample Questions