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We have opportunities to practice
literacy skills in big and small ways
daily. Part Two
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We have opportunities to practice
literacy skills in big and small ways
daily.
We give students
Part Two
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Southern Regional Education Board, 2009 Policy Statement, page 5
“Asking a teacher to become a reading teacher is distinctly different from asking a teacher to help students master texts within the teacher’s own field...
In fact, subject-area teachers are best qualified to help their students master texts in each course. Subject-area teachers should not be expected to teach basic reading skills, but they can help students develop critical strategies & skills for reading texts in each subject.”
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What do you speak?ChapterThree
Types of Reading
Levels of CompetenceChapterTwo
ChapterOne
Transfer SkillsChapterFour
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Quick Peek at Common Core State StandardsCollege and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading
Grade 8
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Quick Peek at Common Core State StandardsCollege and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading
Grade 8
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1. Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly & to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or
speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.
LiteratureCite the textual evidence that most
strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text
History/Social StudiesCite specific textual evidence
to support analysis of primary & secondary sources.
Informational TextCite the textual evidence that most
strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text
Science & TechnicalCite specific textual evidence
to support analysis of science & technical texts
Key Ideas & Details Explicit/Implicit
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1. Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly & to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or
speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.
LiteratureCite the textual evidence that most
strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text
History/Social StudiesCite specific textual evidence
to support analysis of primary & secondary sources.
Informational TextCite the textual evidence that most
strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text
Science & TechnicalCite specific textual evidence
to support analysis of science & technical texts
Key Ideas & Details Explicit/Implicit
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2. Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development;
summarize the key supporting details & ideas
LiteratureDetermine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over
the course of the text, including its relationship to the characters, setting,
and plot; provide an objective summary of the text.
History/Social StudiesDetermine the central ideas or
information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of
the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.
Informational TextDetermine a central idea of a text & analyze its development overthe course of the text, including
its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary
of the text.
Science & TechnicalDetermine the central ideas or
conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct
from prior knowledge or opinions.
Key Ideas & Details Main Idea
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2. Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development;
summarize the key supporting details & ideas
LiteratureDetermine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over
the course of the text, including its relationship to the characters, setting,
and plot; provide an objective summary of the text.
History/Social StudiesDetermine the central ideas or
information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of
the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.
Informational TextDetermine a central idea of a text & analyze its development over the course of the text, including
its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary
of the text.
Science & TechnicalDetermine the central ideas or
conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct
from prior knowledge or opinions.
Key Ideas & Details Main Idea
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3. Analyze how & why individuals, events, & ideas
develop and interact over the course of a text
LiteratureAnalyze how particular lines of
dialogue or incidents in a story or drama propel the action,
reveal aspects of a character, or provoke a decision
History/Social StudiesIdentify key steps in a text’s description
of a process related to history/social studies
(e.g., how a bill becomes law, interest rates are raised/lowered)
Informational TextAnalyze how a text
makes connections among and distinctions between
individuals, ideas, or events (e.g., via comparisons, analogies, or categories).
Science & TechnicalFollow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical
tasks.
Key Ideas & Details Text Relationships
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3. Analyze how & why individuals, events, & ideas
develop and interact over the course of a text
LiteratureAnalyze how particular lines of
dialogue or incidents in a story or drama propel the action,
reveal aspects of a character, or provoke a decision
History/Social StudiesIdentify key steps in a text’s description
of a process related to history/social studies
(e.g., how a bill becomes law, interest rates are raised/lowered)
Informational TextAnalyze how a text makes connections
among and distinctions between
individuals, ideas, or events (e.g., via comparisons, analogies, or categories).
Science & TechnicalFollow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical
tasks.
Key Ideas & Details Text Relationships
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4. Interpret words & phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative
& figurative meanings, andanalyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone.
LiteratureDetermine the meaning of words & phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative & connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning & tone,
including analogies or allusions to other texts.History/Social Studies
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text,
including vocabulary specific to domains related to history/
social studies
Informational TextDetermine the meaning of words & phrases as
they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, & technical meanings; analyze
the impact of specific word choices on meaning & tone, including analogies or
allusions to other texts.
Science & TechnicalDetermine the meaning of symbols, key terms, & other domain-specific words &
phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to
grades 6–8 texts & topics.
Craft & Structure Vocabulary
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4. Interpret words & phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative
& figurative meanings, andanalyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone.
LiteratureDetermine the meaning of words & phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative &
connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on
meaning & tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts.
History/Social StudiesDetermine the meaning of words
and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary specific to domains
related to history/social studies
Informational TextDetermine the meaning of words & phrases as
they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, & technical meanings; analyze
the impact of specific word choices on meaning & tone, including analogies or
allusions to other texts.
Science & TechnicalDetermine the meaning of symbols, key terms, & other domain-specific words &
phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to
grades 6–8 texts & topics.
Craft & Structure Vocabulary
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5. Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, & larger portions of the text
(e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other & the whole
LiteratureCompare and contrast the
structure of two or more texts and analyze how the
differing structure of each text contributes to its meaning and style.History/Social Studies
Describe how a text presents information
(e.g., sequentially, comparatively, causally).
Informational TextAnalyze in detail the structure of a
specific paragraph in a text, including the role of
particular sentences in developing & refining a key concept.
Science & TechnicalAnalyze the structure an author uses to
organize a text, including how the major sections contribute
to the whole & to an understanding of the topic.
Craft & Structure Text Structure
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5. Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, & larger portions of the text
(e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other & the whole
LiteratureCompare and contrast the
structure of two or more texts and analyze how the
differing structure of each text contributes to its meaning and style.History/Social Studies
Describe how a text presents information
(e.g., sequentially, comparatively, causally).
Informational TextAnalyze in detail the structure of a
specific paragraph in a text, including the role of
particular sentences in developing & refining a key concept.
Science & TechnicalAnalyze the structure an author uses to
organize a text, including how the major sections contribute
to the whole & to an understanding of the topic.
Craft & Structure Text Structure
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6. Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content & style of a text
LiteratureAnalyze how differences in the
points of view of the characters and the audience or reader
(e.g., created through use of dramatic irony) create such effects as suspense or humor.
History/Social StudiesIdentify aspects of a text
that reveal an author’s point of view or purpose
(e.g., loaded language, inclusion or avoidance of particular facts).
Informational TextDetermine an author’s
point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author
acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.
Science & TechnicalAnalyze the author’s purpose in
providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or
discussing an experiment in a text.
Craft & Structure Author Purpose/Perspective
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6. Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content & style of a text
LiteratureAnalyze how differences in the
points of view of the characters and the audience or reader
(e.g., created through use of dramatic irony) create such effects as suspense or humor.
History/Social StudiesIdentify aspects of a text
that reveal an author’s point of view or purpose
(e.g., loaded language, inclusion or avoidance of particular facts).
Informational TextDetermine an author’s
point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author
acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.
Science & TechnicalAnalyze the author’s purpose in
providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or
discussing an experiment in a text.
Craft & Structure Author Purpose/Perspective
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7. Integrate & evaluate content presented in diverse formats & media,
including visually & quantitatively, as well as in words.
LiteratureAnalyze the extent to which a filmed or live production of a story or drama stays
faithful to or departs from the text or script, evaluating the choices made by
the director or actors.History/Social StudiesIntegrate visual information
(e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other
information in print & digital texts
Informational TextEvaluate the
advantages & disadvantages of using different mediums
(e.g., print or digital text, video, multimedia) to present a particular topic or idea.
Science & TechnicalIntegrate quantitative or technical
information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information
expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table).
Integration of Knowledge & Ideas Visual Literacy/Technology
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7. Integrate & evaluate content presented in diverse formats & media,
including visually & quantitatively, as well as in words.
LiteratureAnalyze the extent to which a
filmed or live production of a story or drama stays faithful to or departs from the text or script, evaluating choices
made by the director or actorsHistory/Social StudiesIntegrate visual information
(e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other
information in print & digital texts
Informational TextEvaluate the
advantages & disadvantages of using different mediums
(e.g., print or digital text, video, multimedia) to present a particular topic or idea.
Science & TechnicalIntegrate quantitative or technical
information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information
expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table).
Integration of Knowledge & Ideas Visual Literacy/Technology
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8. Delineate & evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as
the relevance & sufficiency of the evidence
LiteratureNot applicable to literature.
History/Social StudiesDistinguish among fact, opinion, and reasoned judgment in a text
Informational TextDelineate & evaluate the
argument & specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning
is sound & the evidence is relevant & sufficient; recognize when irrelevant
evidence is introduced.
Science & TechnicalDistinguish among facts,
reasoned judgment based on research findings, &
speculation in a text
Integration of Knowledge & Ideas Argument & Support
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8. Delineate & evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as
the relevance & sufficiency of the evidence
LiteratureNot applicable to literature.
History/Social StudiesDistinguish among fact, opinion, and reasoned judgment in a text
Informational TextDelineate & evaluate the
argument & specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning
is sound & the evidence is relevant & sufficient; recognize when irrelevant
evidence is introduced.Science & Technical
Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgment based on research
findings, & speculation in a text
Integration of Knowledge & Ideas Argument & Support
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9. Analyze how two or more textsaddress similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or
to compare the approaches the authors take.
LiteratureAnalyze how a modern work of fiction draws on themes, patterns of events, or character types from myths, traditional stories, or religious works such as the Bible, including describing how the
material is rendered new.History/Social StudiesAnalyze the relationship between
a primary & secondary source on the same topic
Informational TextAnalyze a case in which two or more
texts provide conflicting information on the same topic and identify
where the texts disagree on matters of fact or interpretation.Science & Technical
Compare & contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same
topic.
Integration of Knowledge & Ideas Multiple Texts
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9. Analyze how two or more textsaddress similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or
to compare the approaches the authors take.
LiteratureAnalyze how a modern work of fiction draws on themes, patterns of events or character types from myths, traditional stories, or religious works such as the Bible, including describing how the
material is rendered new.History/Social StudiesAnalyze the relationship between
a primary & secondary source on the same topic
Informational TextAnalyze a case in which two or more
texts provide conflicting information on the same topic and identify
where the texts disagree on matters of fact or interpretation.Science & Technical
Compare & contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same
topic.
Integration of Knowledge & Ideas Multiple Texts
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10. Read & comprehend complex literary & informational texts
independently & proficiently.
LiteratureBy the end of the year,
read & comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, & poems,
at the high end of the grades 6–8 text complexity band
independently and proficiently.
History/Social StudiesBy the end of grade 8, read & comprehend
history/social studies texts in the grades 6–8 text complexity band
independently & proficiently.
Informational TextBy the end of the year,
read & comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 6–8
text complexity band independently and proficiently.
Science & TechnicalBy the end of grade 8, read & comprehend
science/technical texts in the grades 6–8 text complexity band
independently & proficiently.
Range of Reading & Level of Text Complexity Text Complexity
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10. Read & comprehend complex literary & informational texts
independently & proficiently.
LiteratureBy the end of the year,
read & comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, & poems,
at the high end of the grades 6–8 text complexity band
independently and proficiently.
History/Social StudiesBy the end of grade 8, read & comprehend
history/social studies texts in the grades 6–8 text complexity band
independently & proficiently.
Informational TextBy the end of the year,
read & comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 6–8
text complexity band independently and proficiently.
Science & TechnicalBy the end of grade 8, read & comprehend
science/technical texts in the grades 6–8 text complexity band
independently & proficiently.
Range of Reading & Level of Text Complexity Text Complexity
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State Standards what do they have in Common Informational Text, Literature, History/Social Studies
Grades 6 - 12
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“…ultimately, our students are expected to develop as competent
readers, writers, & thinkers in all academic disciplines.”
Developing Readers in the Academic Disciplines, Doug Buehl