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• All living things need food to survive.
– Organisms obtain their food in different ways.
− Some animals eat plants, some eat other animals.
Food and Food Chains
• The feeding relationships between animals and plants in a habitat can be described with a food chain.
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PREDATOR PREY
• Can you think what these words mean?
Lion Thomson’s gazelle
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HERBIVORECARNIVORE
• Can you think what these words mean?
Cheetah Koala
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OMNIVORE
• What about this word?
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What is a food chain?
• Food chains show what eats what in a particular habitat.
• All food chains start with a PRODUCER.
Grass Rabbit Fox
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What is a food chain?
Grass
PRODUCER: An organism, usually a green plant, that uses photosynthesis to turn sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into sugars (energy). AUTOTROPH
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Rabbit FoxGrass
CONSUMER: an animal in a food chain that eats (consumes) a plant or another animal. HETEROTROPH
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• Can be fungi or
bacteria
•Eat dead organisms
•They prevent too
much decay and enrich the soil with nutrients, saprophyte
Decomposers
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• Break up bodies of dead organisms into smaller pieces
• Help decomposers manage dead organisms, faster decomposition
• Do not return nutrients to soil
Scavengers
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What is a food chain?
• The links between animals and plants in a habitat can be demonstrated by drawing a food chain.
• Food chains show how energy found in food moves through a community.
Grass Rabbit Fox
The arrow in a food chain means ‘is eaten by’ and ‘provides energy to’.
What do you think the arrow means between the pictures?
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Rabbit
Fox
Grass
PRIMARY CONSUMER
SECONDARY CONSUMER
TERTIARY CONSUMER
Coyote
Why do all organisms need energy?
Growth Repair damaged parts Replace cells at end of life cycle
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10 C = PRIMARY CONSUMER: An animal at the second level in a food chain which feeds on the producer. Primary consumers are usually herbivores, feeding on plants and fungi.
20 C = SECONDARY CONSUMER: An animal at the third level in a food chain. Secondary consumers can be carnivores or omnivores.
30 C = TERTIARY CONSUMER: An animal at the fourth level of a food chain. This is usually the top level, and tertiary consumers are usually carnivores and prey on other animals.
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A simple British woodlandfood chain
10 C
20 C
PRODUCER
CONSUMER
CONSUMER
HERBIVORE
CARNIVORE
PREY
PREDATOR
Food chains show how energy found in food moves through a community.
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A Food Web is a series of food chains that represent
energy flow through an ecosystem.
Grass
Rabbit
Fox
Grasshopper
Lizard
Sparrowhawk
Hawfinch
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A British woodland‘food web’
Grass
Rabbit
Fox
Grasshopper
Lizard
Sparrowhawk
Hawfinch
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Energy in an Ecosystem
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/27995-assignment-discovery-energy-flow-video.htm
Energy Pyramid - Energy Flow in Ecosystem -Video for Kids by makemegenius.com - YouTube
Food Chains - YouTube
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Changes to food chains
• INTERDEPENDENCE• Animals and plants depend on each other for survival.
• If something changes at one level in a food chain, it can affect all other levels in the food chain too.
Common toad eating young grass snake Grass snake eating common toad
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Grass
Grasshopper
Sparrowhawk
Hawfinch
If a pesticide killed all the grasshoppers….
…what would happen to everything else in
the food chain?
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Questions to think about…
• What happens if the producer in a food chain dies?
• What happens if one of the consumers in a food chain dies?– How does this affect the other species that prey on it?– How does this affect the other species that it preys on?
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Activity
• Split into groups • You will be assigned a habitat – Arctic tundra, the
Antarctic, British coastal waters, British woodland or African savanna.
• Using the worksheet, describe your habitat, what the weather is like and the animals and plants you think might be found there.
• You will then be given species information cards for your habitat, along with photographs of some of the species that are found there.
• Using the information on the cards and the arrows provided, make the food chain for your habitat.
• Rotate around the room - you will have the chance to build food chains for each different habitat.
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HERBIVORE: an animal which only eats plants.
Koala Rabbit
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CARNIVORE: an animal which eats meat (other animals).
Cheetah Fox
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OMNIVORE: an animal that feeds on both plants and other animals.
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Producer
Consumer
PRODUCERS Plants are called producers because they make (produce) their own food.
CONSUMERS Animals are called consumers because they eat (consume) other plants and animals.
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• Can you think of any animals that eat plants?
• Can you think of any animals that eat other animals?
• How do plants get their food?