INDO-NEPAL BORDER PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS
Dr. ARTI KUMARI
Coordinator, GMS CHINTAMANPUR, E CHAMPARAN, BIHAR, Deptt of
Geography, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur
ABSTRACT
Indo-Nepal border are two sides of the same coin. There is nothings which
differentiates the citizens of both countries except political
identity.Discrimination in religion, nationalisty, castes and creed are very
prominent among the people living both sides of border and it's inviting which
lead various criminals and social activities.
INTRODUCTION
Borders are indeed the razor’s edge on which hang suspended the modern
issues of war or peace, life or death for nations’ Lord Curzon.
Indo-Nepal border are two sides of the same coin. As on today both are
sovereign countries in the political set up of the globe but are very much one as
per public psyche. Both remained one in culture, religion, customs, traditions
and langues. There is nothing which differentiates the citizens of both countries
except political identity. Everything affecting them in any way as one. And this
feeling of oneness makes us one nationality although living in two nations.
KEYWORDS
INDO-NEPAL, social, both sa,
LOCATION
Indo- Nepal border extends between 80 degree 15 minutes and 88
degree 10 minutes east longitudes and more than 830 kms. In east-west
direction,
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
which provides ample scope for smuggling, fake currency, exchange of
narcotics and various anti-national activities. The major grouge of people
living in other sides of the countries walk across the border to avoid arrest and
publishment. All these activities creat serious problems and great challenges to
both the countries.
The indo-nepal border is an open international border running between india
and Nepal. The 1751 km long border includes the himlayan territories as well
as indo-gangatic plain. The current border was determined after the sugawli
treaty of 1816 between Nepal and the british raj.
WHY IS INDIA NEPAL BORDER OPEN NOW?
Although there are some regulations at the main checkpoint. The india -nepal
border is open and there are many places through which people can just walk
back. From 1962 onwards the Indian government forwarded their disagreement
that the border should be based on ridge lines of the mountain of om parwat.
Nepal has updated its political
map and created a controversy by including the Indian areas of
kalapani,lipulekh and limpiya dhura on its territory. The lipulekh pan route
used to be an ancient access route to mansarovar pilgrimage.but after the 1962
aggression by china it had been closed by india.
1950 INDO-NEPAL TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP-
The 1950 Indo- Nepal treaty of peace and friendship between the government
of india and government of Nepal is a lateral treaty between Nepal and india
establishing a close strategic relationship between the two south Asian
neighbours.the treaty was signed at Kathmandu on 31july 1950. The treaty
allows free movement of people and goods between the two nations and close
relationship and collaboration on matters of defense and foreign policy.
Major border crossings the Integrated Check Posts (ICP) for processing the
cargo customs and immigration entry for citizens of third countries.
Major crossings from west to east.
Banbasa in Champawat district, Uttarakhand, India - Kanchanpur District,
Sudurpashchim Pradesh, Nepal
Rupaidiha in Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh - Nepalganj in Banke District,
Nepal
Sonauli in Maharajganj district, Uttar Pradesh, India - Siddharthanagar in
Rupandehi District, Nepal
Raxaul in East Champaran district, Bihar, India - Birgunj, Nepal (also known
as Gateway of Nepal)
Jogbani in Araria district, Bihar, India - Biratnagar, Nepal
Panitanki in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India - Kakarbhitta, Nepal
Since there are no fences at the India–Nepal border there are several smaller
official and unofficial border crossings. Smaller official border crossings are
known as Chhoti Bhansar (Minor Customs) in Nepalese language.
Uttarakhand
There are following crossings, from west to east, in Uttarakhand state of India:
Jhulaghat in Pithoragarh district - Mahakali in Baitadi District, Nepal
Uttar Pradesh
There are following crossings, from west to east, in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state of
India:
Gauriphanta in Lakhimpur Kheri district - Dhangadi, Nepal
Murtiha in Lakhimpur Kheri district - Gulariya, Bardiya, Nepal
Tal Baghaura in Shravasti district - Laxmanpur, Nepal
Tulsipur in Balrampur district - Koilabas, Nepal
Barhani Bazar in Siddharthnagar district - Krishnanagar, Nepal
Bihar
There are following crossings, from west to east, in Bihar state of India:
Bhikhna Thori in West Champaran district - Thori in Parsa District, Nepal
Pipraun in Madhubani district - Jatahi-Nagarain in Dhanusa District Nepal
Bhimnagar in Supaul district - Bhantabari-Haripur in Sunsari District, Nepal
(via Kosi barrage)
Amgachhi in Araria district - Rangeli in Morang District, Nepal
Baria (Bairia bazar) in Kishanganj district - Gauriganj in Jhapa District, Nepal
Bairgania in Sitamarhi district - Gaur in Rautahat District, Nepal
Sonbarsa in Sitamarhi district - Malangwa in Sarlahi District, Nepal
Bhittamore in Sitamarhi district - Jaleshwor in Mahottari District Nepal
Jainagar in Madhubani district - Inarwa Phulbariya in Saptari District, Nepal
West Bengal
There are following crossings, from west to east, in West Bengal state of India:
Mirik in Darjeeling district - Pashupatinagar, Ilam, Nepal
Factorial analysis reveals that a number of such crimes and antinational
activities are increasing day by day. People living on the border forgetting the
feeling of oneness. Apart from these it is inferred that the number and forms of
criminal and anti-national activities will increase on and around the border and
its environs for which I think the following factors are responsible…………
MODERNITY AND UNEMPOLYMENT
Impact of modernity and unemployment among youth creat mental
imbalance and tend criminal tendencies like smuggling, band dacaiti, fack
currency, intoxication exchange of narcotics products, kidnapping and other
anti-social and anti national activities.
DISCRIMINATING NORMS
Discrimination in religion, national, castes and creed are very prominent
among the people living both sides of border and its invirons which lead
various criminals and anti-social activities.
FAMILY NORMS
It surveyed that joint family indicate higher frequency of crimes than
small family. Institutional family shares 1.8 percentage out of the local family
where criminals find shalter. Families of border areas and its invirons are
highly affected to this norms.
EDUCATION NORMS
Prevailing education system and examination patterns in either sides of
the boder lead to certain crimes and this literacy has a definite correlation with
criminal tendency. This literacy give rise to problems of unemployment and
criminals activities.
POPULATION EXPLOSION
Due to over population poverty, lack of security and other infrastructure
in villages, urbanization is increasing fastly which has give rise to various
criminals activities, boders are mostly affected to this norms.
DRINKING AND PROHIBITION
Though prohibition stands, however, many shopes of drinking and
narcotics materials are exist or active on the border, consequently various types
criminals and anti-national activities occur.
ARRIVAL OF TOURISTS
Round the year tourists on the way to visit places of interest both in
India and in Nepal break their journey on the towns. They bring smuggled
items with them and sell here. These acts effect the youth of the boder towns
and lead to various types of criminals and anti-national activities.
Apart from these plenty of beggers and beggary and political set up also
lead to criminals and anti-national activities on the border.
RESULT AND SUGGESTIONS
Above mentioned problems on the Indo-Nepal border are alarming and
signal to a serious border problems.
Law generally are regulatory and punitive and may be reformatory to
some extent but not the solution of the problems. Solution lies in the soul
which is pure and nothing else conceptual knowledge of crimes and its legal
implications are prerequisite to the upliftment of the society and the peoleliving
on the border. However, the following measures would go along way in
reshaping the society and to solve the border problems.
INDO-NEPAL BORDER – PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS
Society should invoke the old tradition of out-casting the persons of
criminal character to desist them from committing crimes. Criminal justice
system requires to be suitable amended for speedy trial of cases. Delay gives
rise to revenge and an unending chain of crime starts. Those who do not get
punished timely become emboldened to repeat the performance. Employment
opportunities require to be enhanced to give no room idleness. Population
requires to be controlled and planned. Vocational education requires to be
imparted to school and college of the border areas. Social laws and legal laws
be stricter and implemented property.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
Award of punishment is a must in the larger interest of the society.
Psychology of the massages need reorientation. Cource of action on the
basis of mass knowledge effect, reason and foresight be affected. Cure
centre forchild crime established for diversion of their mental attitude into
constructive channel. Emotion stability, maturity habits and understanding
among the masses be brought thourgh moral preactings and bulicity. Strong
punishment over illegal material gain be affected.
METHODOLOGY
Emulation be created in respect of advertisement and business
complitions Character building forces be generated. Vigilance and inspection
over crimes be geared up in right perspective. Ban on unsocial practice be
imposed. The internation agreement for no man’s land be reviewed.
SOURCES OF DATA
Both primary and secondary data and information will be collected in
course of research work to authenticate the study and to introduce development
plan in the regin. The indo Nepal news paper. Data and information will be
collected by Indian ammbesy.
CONCLUSSIONS
Apart from all these suggestions last but not the least I would like
tosay reformation of soul is the solution those who reform the soul
become social reformers to reform the society, adhere to the line of truth
and non-voilance activities of such reformers keep the human behaviour
neat and clean to check the crimes of all types. People of the higher
ladder in society are required to become social reformers by purifying
their soul, so that their preaching in speech and practice become a model
to be copied by others to solves the crimes and problems of all types. So
solution lies in soul and everyone can contribute his bit by taking path of
peace and non-voilence.
Reference :
1. India and nepals slow motion border dispute 2020.
2. Panta,S,D 200. Nepal India border problems, Dr. shastra Dutta pant
institute for rural Development Kathmandu.
3. Nepal parliament approves new map that includes land india claim,
India today,19 june 2020.
4. Education in world hunger – Dr. S.N. Prasad
5. Indo-Nepal relation – P.R. Paswan (I.P.S.)
6. pEikj.k dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr & vt; ukFk fxfjA 7. Political Geography- Harish Chandra Prasad
8. Nepal parliament moves to approve new map. The Times of india. 10
june 2020.