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Webster's dictionary defines a wave as "a disturbance or
variation that transfers energy progressively from point to
point in a medium and that may take the form of an elastic
deformation or of a variation of pressure, electric or
magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature."
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http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves-intro/waves-intro.html
Human wave
© Dan Russell (2002)
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http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves-intro/waves-intro.html
In Longitudinal waves, the particles in a medium oscillate back
and forth about their equilibrium positions but it is the
disturbance which travels, not the individual particles in the
medium.
Longitudinal Wave
© Dan Russell (2002)
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http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html
In a transverse wave the particle displacement is
perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. The
particles do not move along with the wave; they simply
oscillate up and down about their individual equilibrium
positions as the wave passes by.
Transverse wave© Dan Russell (2002)
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Water waves are an example of waves that involve a
combination of both longitudinal and transverse motions.
As a wave travels through the water, the particles travel in
circles.
http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html
Water Wave© Dan Russell (2002)
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For a sinusoidal plane wave
)cos(),( 0 kxttx
wave theof phase : wave theof amplitude:0
ψ)t-kx(
)(0
)(0
ˆ),(ˆ kxtikxti eetx
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Tπ
x T2
constant) fixed, (position 2
To determine angular frequency
To determine wavelength l
l
lπk
tk2
constant) fixed, (time 2
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l
disp
lace
men
t()
x
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cos( ); a t kx kx
(x,0) (x,Dt)
SB
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Time evolution of phase
p
( ) ( ) 0( ) ( )
v
t t k x xt k xxt k
D D D D
D
D
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Constant phase surfaces
In three dimension- wave moving in x direction
( , ) cos( )r t A t kx
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Wave fronts (constant phase surface)
Phase velocity: vp)cos(),( kxtAtr
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Arbitrary direction
Wave vector
Along x
ˆ( , ) cos( . )r t A t k r
:k
Along arbitrary direction
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1. LECTURE NOTES FOR PHYSICS ISASTRY AND SARASWAT
2. THE PHYSICS OF VIBRATIONS AND WAVESAUTHOR: H.J. PAINIIT KGP Central LibraryClass no. 530.124 PAI/P