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Week 1Lecture 1
Oracle Architecture Overview
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Learning Objectives
Learn about Oracle9i architecture and key Oracle9i software components
Discover differences between Oracle9i client and server installation options
Examine how to use OFA (Optimal Flexible Architecture)
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Oracle9i Architecture: Key Components
The core Oracle9i RDBMS software includes a suite of over 200 components.
Key components are:
• Oracle9i database & Oracle Net
• Java/Web components
• Oracle Enterprise Manager & Mgt. Packs
• SQL*Plus
• Utilities, Precompilers, and add-ons
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Oracle9i Architecture: Running the Database
The Oracle9i database server has 3 parts:
Database: data files, control files, and redo log files
Software: database executable files
Instance: background processes and memory
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Oracle9i Architecture: A Typical Server
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Oracle9i Architecture: Server Configurations
Single-instance
Multiple-instance
Clustered
Number of computers
1 1 Many
Number of databases
1 2 1 (on a file server)
Number of instances
1 1 per database
1 per computer
Number of database software sets
1 1 (or more) 1 per computer
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Oracle9i Architecture: Optional Additions
Some important optional additions are:
Oracle Data Mining: queries on data warehouses
Oracle Advanced Security: industry standard security encryption and password validation
Enterprise Manager packs: additions for tuning, change management, and diagnostics
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Oracle9i Installation Options: N-tier
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Oracle9i Installation Options: Server-side
Choose from:
Enterprise Edition: best for many users and high-volume data
Standard Edition: best for small groups of users, smaller volume data
Personal Edition: best for individual use
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Oracle9i Installation Options: Client-side
Choose from:
Administrator: provides Enterprise Manager and other tools for remote database administration
Runtime: provides connectivity from local applications to a remote database
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Oracle Universal Installer
The user-friendly installation tool:
Installs any Oracle tool available to you
Capable of managing two releases of Oracle products on the same computer using Oracle Home
Able to run installations without human intervention with the Silent Install option
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Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA)
Set of standards for directory structure and file names.
Advantages include: Spreading I/O across devices to reduce
bottlenecks
Separating products into distinct directories and/or devices to improve performance
Providing standard names for file types to speed up administrative tasks
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OFA: Directory Structure Standards
ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_HOME define the root directory structures
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OFA: File Naming Standards
Patterns for naming files are:
Control files: controlNN.ctl (example: control01.ctl)
Redo log files: redoNN.log (example: redo03.log)
Data files: XXXXNN.dbf (example: SYSTEM01.dbf)
NN = sequential numbers starting with 01.
XXXX = name of the tablespace
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Lecture Summary
Oracle9i RDBMS software contains many basic components and even more optional add-ons
The database server contains the software, the database files, and the instance (made up of memory allocation and background processes)
Oracle Enterprise Edition is the most robust of the three installation options for the server
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Lecture Summary
Multi-tier architecture provides greater flexibility and independence of software components
Oracle Universal Installer features an Oracle Home selector and Silent Install option
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) defines standards for directory structure and file names