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WEEK 7
Exploring and Exploiting
Stories in the Primary ESLClassroom
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Nonfiction Written for the purpose of providing factual
info.
Such books for young readers use either a text
or a narrative format.
The narrative ones are familiar to children
Writers of such books have an obligation to
impart only accurate info to children
If any misinformation, misleading or outdated
info found in old books must be explained to
children and accurate info should be supplied.
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However, the best books for presenting info
are FICTIONAL storybooks.
This is cos stories are so compelling andchildren can often relate to them better than
nonfiction.
Therefore, the use of fiction to present infocan be done as long as it is clear and accurate
info.
Children shld be made to be aware that info isNOT absolute, esp in area of science.
Learning that info changes fosters the
beginnings of critical thinking.YongLC_2012
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DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION Nonfiction writing is often referred to as
expository writing or writing that explains
Fiction writing is narrative writing or writing
that tells a story.
Some countries recognise a type of literature
that has elements of both fiction and
nonfiction and call it FACTION.
Nonfiction is usually classified as eitherBIOGRAPHY or INFORMATIONAL literature.
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BIOGRAPHY gives factual information about
lives of actual people including their
experiences, influences, accomplishments andlegacies. (but it is more narrative than
expository in nature. Hence it resembles
fiction than nonfiction in its element) An AUTOBIOGRAPHY is similar in every
respect to biography, except that the author
tells about his or her own life. INFORMATIONAL books can be written on any
aspect of the biological, social or physical
world, including what is known of outer space.YongLC_2012
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ELEMENTS OF NONFICTIONSTRUCTURE: How the author organises the info. to be
presented.
1. Descriptioncharacteristics of the topic
2. Sequence - items are listed in order, usually
chronologically or numerically.
3. Comparisoninclude 2 or more entities and list
similarities and differences.
4. Cause and effect
5. Problem and solution (question and answer)
THEME: the main point made in the work
STYLE: how authors and illustrators express
themselves in their res ective media.YongLC_2012
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Guidelines in choosing factual
(nonfiction) books
1. The book should be checked for accuracy of
info.
2. Note the copyright date to ensure that the
material is as up-to-date as possible.
3. When charts or pictures are used, they
should be simple, clear and easy to read.
4. The readability of the material should be
appropriate for the childrens age group.
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SELECTING BOOKS
When choosing informational books for young
children, it is impt to realise that many FICTIONtitles shld be included along with NONFICTION ones
cos a great amt. of carefully researched and
accurate info is provided by some fiction authors. YL are open to learning things through narrative
stories.
Opportunities exist for correlating diff contentareas. E.g. the nursery rhyme Twinkle, twinkle little
star can be used to introduce a science concept of
Stars and the Galaxy etc.YongLC_2012
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Over the past decade, a large
number of books are published
dealing with social studies,
science, math, etc. for YL.
In each of these areas, nonfictionbooks can be COMBINED with
fiction books to present anabundance of factual info.
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PICTURE BOOKS/ WORDLESS
PICTURE BOOKS
A picture book is a special kind of
book for a special audience. (Very
young children/ preschoolers) Younger children (Year 35) who
CANNOT read many words, gain
much of their understanding of a
story from the illustrations and thru
listening to the story.YongLC_2012
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A picture book must possess:
A well-developed plot Theme
Setting
Characterisation Use appropriate style
Use appropriate print dimension
Use appropriate page size
Have special unity betw text and illustration
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In most picture books, the words
printed on the page ARE NOT always
necessary to comprehend the action,flow and intent of the story.
The author, illustrator and reader ofa good picture book enjoy a
COMMUNAL experience that
transcends the written lang.
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WORDLESS PICTURE BOOKS
Also known as textless books. In some picture books, words have been
completely ELIMINATED.
The story is revealed thru a sequence ofillustrations with NO words.
Wordless picture books is a format, so it is
found in all genres. Here, skillful illustrators develop a full plot
thru their artwork, making printed words
unneccessary. YongLC_2012
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First gain popularity in the late 1960s.
Suitable to be used to help children
express a verbal translation of objects or
situations in illustrations. (Cianciolo,
1973)
Suitable to be used to develop language
as children interpret pictures in wordless
books, hence providing opportunities fordeveloping childrens vocab and syntax.
(D Angelo, 1981)
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Advantages of making wordless picture books
accessible to children: (Stewig, 1980)
1. Aid development of visual literacythe lang of image
2. Can be interpreted and enjoyed by children who do not
read well or do not read at all, those with learning
disability or limited English proficiency.
3. Help parents and teachers assess and develop childrensthinking and lang abilities
4. Serve as a stimulus for a lang experience account (LEA)
that can be used for early reading instruction.
5. Develop imagination by stimulating an oral or written
interpretation of the plot.
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Using Wordless Books to analyse
character traits
Used with primary-grade children (7-12)
to help them analyse story characters.
As characterisation is expressed indescriptions of actions, motivations and
related thoughts of the character,
children can deduce all these thru. theillustrations alone
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CONCEPT BOOKS
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CONCEPT BOOKS Include counting and ABC books.
One area of childrens literature that have seen
tremendous growth and some interesting
developments.
Examples include:
Pop-up books, pop-out books, poke-through-the-
hole books, puppet books, books cut into shapes,
books cut into puzzles, big books, mini books and
textured books.
Concept books are fun to use, and they help
motivate children to learn about spatial concepts,
numbers and colours. YongLC_2012
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OF BOOKS
It is important to expose children to a wide variety of
quality literature. Some benefits are to :
1. Foster a love of stories, sharing, literature and wonder.
2. Encourage YL to connect to people and their
environment by enjoying their world and graduallyincluding more ideas into that world.
3. Encourage YL to have a desire to learn
4. See reading as an enjoyable path to understanding theworld, an important step to literacy.
5. Reinforce other activities or serve as a starting point fo
an activity. YongLC_2012
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LITERATURE ACROSS THE CURRICULUM
Literature is only ONE of the things that
should be provided to children in their
formative years.
Age-appropriate academics, art, music, free
play, nutrition and other parts of the
programme MUST all be addressed as well.
Therefore, there is a need to integrate
literature into the curriculum to address the
total development of children.
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LITERATURE ACROSS THE
CURRICULUM Refers to using works of literature in the content
areas of social studies, science, health and
mathematics.
Students may experience good literature in thesecontent-area classes when teachers supplement or
replace textbooks (written for the intention for
instruction) with trade books ( book writtenprimarily for the purposes of entertainment and
information. E.g. all library books and story books)
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Students who lack motivation and struggle in
reading can benefit from reading attractively
illustrated trade books on the topic under study. Trade books make social studies content more
memorable cos stories are presented from a
childs point of view
Trade books also permit students to read multiple
perspectives on topics, which helps them develop
critical thinking.
Trade books in science and health offer the
advantage of presenting diff sources as a means
to verify facts.YongLC_2012
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DISCUSSIONQUESTIONS FOR THOUGHT AND DISCUSSION:
1. What is the difference between:
a)Realistic fiction and modern fantasy
b) Fiction and nonfiction books
c) Picture books and wordless
picture books
2. Why and when should a teacher use
each type?YongLC_2012
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TUTORIALISSUES IN PICTURE BOOKS:
1.Do Literature books have to containwords????? Discuss.
2.Select a wordless `picture book and use the
story map format to outline each element ofthe story structure that you identify from the
illustrations.
3.Do you believe this book qualifies as
literature?
4. Do a character analysis of the traits of the
characters in the wordless book chosen.YongLC_2012
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