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KinesicKinesic InterviewingInterviewing
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PrinciplesPrinciples
Establish baseline; look for changesEstablish baseline; look for changes
Changes must be in clusters, notChanges must be in clusters, notindividuallyindividually
(Walters, 1996)(Walters, 1996)
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Behaviors must be relatively consistentBehaviors must be relatively consistentwhen stimuli are repeated.when stimuli are repeated.
3 to 5 after question3 to 5 after question
(Walters, 1996)(Walters, 1996)
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Interview StagesInterview Stages
AngerAnger
DepressionDepression
DenialDenialBargainingBargaining
Acceptance (confession)Acceptance (confession)
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Which State?Which State?
Behavioral cluesBehavioral clues
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AngerAnger
State of dominanceState of dominance tries to gain ortries to gain ormaintain control through aggressionmaintain control through aggression
(Walters, 1996)(Walters, 1996)
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AngerAnger
TruthfulTruthful Late in interviewLate in interview
DeceptiveDeceptive Beginning of interviewBeginning of interview
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AngerAnger
FocusedFocused
Attacks interviewerAttacks interviewer
Attacks agencyAttacks agencyAttacks victimAttacks victim
Attacks witnessesAttacks witnesses
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AngerAnger
CovertCovert
Inconvenienced but willing to helpInconvenienced but willing to helpAttacks case factsAttacks case facts
More education than interviewerMore education than interviewer
Change in form of addressChange in form of address(Walters, 1996)(Walters, 1996)
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DepressionDepression
ComplainsComplains
Physical ailmentsPhysical ailments
Reputation ruinedReputation ruinedHopelessHopeless
Drains offenderDrains offender
Does not confessDoes not confess(Walters, 1996)(Walters, 1996)
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Depression and AcceptanceDepression and Acceptance
Body slumpBody slump
Drooping shouldersDrooping shoulders
Chin in the chestChin in the chestCrying for first timeCrying for first time
(Walters, 1996)(Walters, 1996)
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DenialDenial
More memory lapses than truthfulMore memory lapses than truthfulsubjectssubjects
Memory lapses about things others wouldMemory lapses about things others wouldrememberremember
HyperHyper--memorymemory
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Denial FlagsDenial Flags
Really, . . . I wouldnt do somethingReally, . . . I wouldnt do somethinglike that.like that.
Honestly, I didnt do it.Honestly, I didnt do it. I didnt forge the signature, believeI didnt forge the signature, believe
me.me.
To tell you the truth I didnt know
To tell you the truth I didnt knowhe was in there.he was in there.
(Walters, 1996, p. 32)(Walters, 1996, p. 32)
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ModifiersModifiers
Ordinarily, I dont get involved inOrdinarily, I dont get involved inthings like that.things like that.
Most of the time, I dont lose myMost of the time, I dont lose mytemper.temper.
I dont usually make the depositI dont usually make the depositthat late.that late.
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Guilt PhrasesGuilt Phrases -- OK, just remember,OK, just remember,Im the victim, not the suspect.Im the victim, not the suspect.
(Clerk pretending to be robbed)(Clerk pretending to be robbed)
Blocking statements Why would I riskBlocking statements Why would I risk
embarrassing myself and my familyembarrassing myself and my familyby doing something like that?by doing something like that?
(Walters, 1996, pp 34(Walters, 1996, pp 34--35)35)
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Bridging phrases I had just startedBridging phrases I had just startedeating lunch and the next thing Ieating lunch and the next thing Iknew . . .knew . . .
Vocabulary shiftingVocabulary shifting peoplepeoplebecome principalsbecome principals
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Specific DenialSpecific Denial
Q. Were you in the research labQ. Were you in the research labwhen the computer system wentwhen the computer system wentdown last night?down last night?
A. No, I was not in the computerA. No, I was not in the computerroom when the computer wentroom when the computer wentdown.down.
(Walters, 1996, p. 38)(Walters, 1996, p. 38)
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BargainingBargaining
ComplainingComplaining
TransitionTransition
RationalizingRationalizingNegotiatingNegotiating
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ComplainingComplaining
TruthfulTruthful After completion ofAfter completion ofcritical parts of interviewcritical parts of interview
DeceptionDeception From beginning toFrom beginning tointerrupt interviewinterrupt interview
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AcceptanceAcceptance
Open to confessionOpen to confession
Short period of timeShort period of time
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IndicatorsIndicators
BuyBuy--out statementsout statements pay back moneypay back money
Fantasy/realityFantasy/reality
Do you want me to lie to you and sayDo you want me to lie to you and sayI did it?I did it?
Punishment statementsPunishment statements
What would happen to someone whoWhat would happen to someone whodid this?did this?
(Walters, 1996)(Walters, 1996)
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Fantasy/RealityFantasy/Reality
Dont say lie to meDont say lie to me
Dont say dont lie to meDont say dont lie to me
Why might someone do somethingWhy might someone do somethinglike that?like that? Mind of perpetratorMind of perpetrator
Know about crimeKnow about crime overheardoverheard
conversations?conversations? Was this the first time?Was this the first time?
Not supposed to happen like that?Not supposed to happen like that?
Victim point of viewVictim point of view
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GoalGoal
Keep him talkingKeep him talking
Allow him to use third personAllow him to use third person
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PunishmentPunishment
I dont know but will be glad to talkI dont know but will be glad to talkto prosecutor and tell him your sideto prosecutor and tell him your sideof the story.of the story.
(Walters, 1996, p. 52)(Walters, 1996, p. 52)
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AcceptanceAcceptance
Interviewer MustInterviewer Must
1)1)Show subject he is in acceptanceShow subject he is in acceptance2)2)Provide a conducive atmosphereProvide a conducive atmosphere
3)3)Avoid pressureAvoid pressure
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KinesicKinesic InterviewingInterviewing
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Process of InterviewProcess of Interview
4 ways4 ways
Use 3Use 3
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ClustersClusters
5 different types of behaviors5 different types of behaviors
Multiple examples ofMultiple examples of
Speech dysfunctionSpeech dysfunction
Religious claimsReligious claimsEach = 1 typeEach = 1 type
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Process of InterviewProcess of Interview
1) Free narrative1) Free narrative no confrontationno confrontation
Few notesFew notes keep scorekeep score
Start 1 to 2 hours before eventStart 1 to 2 hours before eventRest afterwardsRest afterwards
2) Reverse order with questions2) Reverse order with questionsWhat was going on in the houseWhat was going on in the house
just before you smelled the fire?just before you smelled the fire?
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Reverse Order withPromptsReverse Order withPrompts
TruthfulTruthful More accurateMore accurate
DeceptiveDeceptive ConfusedConfused
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Process of InterviewProcess of Interview
3) Split reversal3) Split reversal RandomRandom
4) Written4) Written1 piece of paper at a time1 piece of paper at a time
Hard surface noHard surface no paddingdfpaddingdf
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All three statementsAll three statements
Symptoms of stress at same placesSymptoms of stress at same places
Concentrate on those placesConcentrate on those places
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What to Code During NarrativeWhat to Code During Narrative
AngerAnger
Obscene languageObscene language
AttacksAttacks DepressionDepression
Mention of sleep problems,Mention of sleep problems,
depression, etc.depression, etc.Ruined careerRuined career
Family problemsFamily problems
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What to Code During NarrativeWhat to Code During Narrative
DenialDenial
Memory failuresMemory failures
Guilt phrasesGuilt phrasesModifiersModifiers
BargainingBargainingMoral codeMoral code
Substitute wordsSubstitute words
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Top Lie DetectorsTop Lie Detectors
Very fewVery few
85% accuracy85% accuracy(Ekman, 2009)(Ekman, 2009)
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Wont ParticipateWont Participate
Tell him facts of caseTell him facts of case
Divert himDivert him
Repeat statement backRepeat statement backNew factsNew facts
Corrects statementCorrects statement
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Voice QualityVoice Quality
Strength & depth of emotionStrength & depth of emotion
(Walters, 1996)(Walters, 1996)
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Rate of speechRate of speech
USUS
5050 150 words per minute150 words per minute
(Walters, 1996)(Walters, 1996)