Download - Westward Movement after Reconstruction
• After the Civil War, westward movement of settlers increased
• People began to populate the region between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean, especially the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains –Settlers included large numbers of
Southerners and African Americans
Westward Movement after Reconstruction
Westward Movement after Reconstruction
• Moved west for several reasons: 1) Southerners sought to rebuild lives
after Civil War 2) Newly-freed slaves (African
Americans) saw economic opportunities that were nonexistent in the South
Westward Movement after Reconstruction
3) Passage of the Homestead Act of 1862—This law gave free public land in the
western territories to settlers who would live on and farm the land
4) New technologies (i.e. railroads and the mechanical reaper) opened new lands in the West –made farming more prosperous
Westward Movement after Reconstruction
• How did this westward movement impact Native Americans? – Severe Native American opposition to
expansion– Forced relocation from tribal lands to
reservations – Reduced population from warfare and disease – Assimilation attempts and lifestyle changes
(“Christianization”)– Significant reduction of homelands due to
broken treaties
Post Reconstruction and Industrialization
Tenement
Urbanization and Growth of Cities
• Population boom also took place in the East; contributed to the growth of cities, especially:– Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, New
York• Reasons for urbanization: – Specialized industries developed, which
created factories (steel Pittsburgh; meat-packing Chicago)
– Increase in immigrant population –Americans moving from rural to urban
areas looking for jobs
Urbanization and Growth of Cities
• Factories in large cities provided jobs • Rapid industrialization and
urbanization led to overcrowded neighborhoods
• Living conditions in cities were often cramped and unsanitary, especially for immigrant families
Urbanization and Growth of Cities
• The rapid growth of cities caused housing shortages and the need for new public services, such as– sewage–water systems – public transportation – trolleys and streetcars
How would these change life in the city?
Bell Ringer 2/6
• Timeline Practice: Number the following events in order with 1 being the earliest event and 7 being the latest event.– Jim Crow Laws– Stamp Act– Articles of Confederation– Louisiana Purchase– House of Burgess established– Kansas-Nebraska Act– Emancipation Proclamation
Immigration • Before 1871, most immigrants to America came
from northern and western Europe: – Germany– Great Britain– Ireland– Norway– Sweden
• Between 1871 until 1921, most immigrants to America came from southern and eastern Europe – Greece– Italy– Poland – Russia – Present day Hungary and Yugoslavia – China and Japan
Immigration to the US
• Increase in immigration due to: – Desire for religious freedom (pull) – Escape from oppressive governments (push)– Hope for economic opportunities (pull)
• Immigrants entered the United States through Ellis Island in New York Harbor • The Statue of Liberty was often the first
view for immigrants after their voyage across the Atlantic • 40% of Americans can trace roots to
ancestors who came through Ellis Island
Immigration
Find a partner and answer questions 1-20 on the
following test:
Answers to Immigration Test1)Mouth 2) Eye 3) Nose 4) Spoon 5) Chimney6) Ear7) Filament8)Stamp9) Strings10) Heel
11) Trigger12) Tail13) Leg 14) Shadow 15) Ball (in
hand) 16)Net17) Forearm18) Horn19) Arm (in
mirror) 20) Diamond
• Upon their arrival, immigrants began the process of assimilation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32l3sTFRFX8
–This was called the American “melting pot” • Immigrants often settled into ethnic
neighborhoods in cities• However, immigrant families worked hard
to learn English, adopt American customs and become American citizens
• Public schools played a crucial role in assimilating immigrants into American society
Immigration
• Contributions of immigrants: –Chinese workers helped build
Transcontinental Railroad –Worked in textile and steel mills in the
Northeast –Worked in the clothing industry in NYC–Slavs, Italians, Polish worked in coal mines in
the East • All worked at great personal risk in
hazardous conditions and for very low wages
Immigration
• Think-Pair-Share: Find a partner and answer the following question:
“How did Americans react to the increase of immigrants coming to the United States?”
• Brainstorm as many ideas as you can think of
Immigration
• Despite their hard work and contributions, immigrants often faced discrimination and hostility – Fear and resentment that immigrant workers
would take jobs for lower pay than Americans– Prejudice based on cultural and religious
differencesNativism= prejudice against the “wrong
groups” coming to America• Increasing pressure led Congress to limit
immigrant through the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Immigration
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:
-Ban on all immigration from China (except for students, teachers, merchants, and tourists)
-Barred Chinese immigrants from U.S. citizenship
- Not repealed until 1943Immigration Restriction Act of
1921:-Set up a quota system limiting
who and how many immigrants could come to the U.S.
- Aimed at people from Eastern Europe.
Think-Pair-Share
• What problems existed in the cities?
• What could be done to solve those problems?
Reform Movements• What problems existed in the cities?Reformers tried to solve the problems of
the urban poor – “social responsibility”–Social Gospel movement–Settlement Houses: educational,
cultural (Americanize), and social services (day care)• Jane Addams – Hull House (Chicago)