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Wetlands and bioretention systems: Landscape filters in the Bay watershed
Andrew H. Baldwin [email protected] of Environmental Science and Technology
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Brackish marsh
Red maple/skunk cabbage swamp
Pickerelweed
Saltmarsh mallow
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M. Perry
G. Kearns
A. Young
R. Aguilar
White-footed mouse Bald eagle
Blue crab
Green sunfish
Fishing spider
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SOUTH RIVER
ANNAPOLIS
SEVERN RIVER
PA
TU
XE
N T
RIV
ER
CHESBAY
Wetlands lie between dry land and the Bay
NWI Wetlands Mapper
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SOUTH RIVER
ANNAPOLIS
SEVERN RIVER
PA
TU
XE
N T
RIV
ER
CHESBAY
They intercept runoff and groundwater
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N2
gas
(nitr
ogen
rem
oval
)
Sediment and phosphorus burial
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Strategic restoration and creation of wetlands for water quality improvement
Mitsch et al. 2001
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Urban Stormwater Wetland
Stormwater wetland at the University of Maryland, College Park. Runoff from the parking lot enters the wetland from the left, flows in a roughly U-shaped counterclockwise pattern, and discharges via a riser a the top center of the wetland. Photo by A.H. Baldwin.
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**
Surface Flow (SF) Wetland
Subsurface Flow(SSF) Wetland
Soil substrate over impermeable layer (clay, bentonite, liner)
Gravel substrate over impermeable layer
**
Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment (e.g. dairy farm effluent)
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Bioretention systems
To stream
To groundwater
- Store and slowly release surface runoff to streams or groundwater (reduced flood peaks)- Filter out sediment- Remove sorbed pollutants (e.g. phosphorus and metals)
These are not wetlands!
PG County Bioretention Manual, 2009
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Laurel Hospital Ivy Club Apartments
King’s Contrivance Greenbelt Plaza
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Conclusions Wetlands and bioretention systems improve
Bay water quality “Kidneys of the landscape” Provide biodiversity, flood storage, and other
ecosystem services
Thank you!
K. Jensen
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Supplemental slides
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