Download - What Behaviors Can You Observe?
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Animal Behavior
What Behaviors Can You Observe?1. Observe the behavior of baby rats for a few
minutes. Write down your observations.2.Place some food near the animal and observe the
animal’s behavior.3. If there are other animals in the cage or aquarium,
observe how the animals interact—for example, do they groom each other or ignore each other?
4.Note any other events that seem to make the animal change its behavior.
5.What are some circumstances under which you would expect an animal’s behavior to change suddenly?
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Animal Behavior
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
WHAT IS BEHAVIOR?
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Animal Behavior
The Behavior of Animals• Behavior
all the actions an animal performsoAvoid predatorsoObtain foodoFind a mate
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Animal Behavior
Behavior as Response• Stimulus
• Signal that causes an organism to react in some way
• Response
•Reaction to a stimulus
• All animal behaviors are caused by a stimulus
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Animal Behavior
The Functions Of Behavior• Help an animal survive
• Help an animal reproduce
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Animal Behavior
Behavior by Instinct• Instinct
•Response to a stimulus that is inborn and that an animal performs correctly the first time
•Ex – earthworm crawls away from light
•Ex – baby kangaroo crawls into mother’s pouch
•Ex – birds building a nest
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Animal Behavior
Skills Activity
Hawks, which have short necks, prey on gull chicks. Geese, which have long necks, do not prey on the chicks. When newly hatched gull chicks see any bird’s shadow, they instinctively crouch down. As the chicks become older, they continue to crouch when they see the shadow of a hawk, but they learn not to crouch when they see a goose’s shadow. Predict how older gull chicks will behave when they see bird shadows shaped like A, B, and C. Explain your prediction.
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Animal Behavior
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Animal Behavior
Baby birds chirping
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Animal Behavior
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Animal Behavior
Learned Behavior• Learning
•The process that leads to changes in behavior based on practice or experience
•Imprinting
•Conditioning
•Trial-and-error learning
•Insight learning
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Animal Behavior
Learned Behavior• Not usually done perfect the first time• Part genetic• Ex – lions born with the “tools” for hunting but master
hunting skills through experience
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Animal Behavior
Imprinting• Process where newly hatched birds and
newborn animals recognize and follow the first moving object they see
• Usually the mother
• Cannot be changed
• Keeps young animals close to their mother
• Allows young animals to learn what other animals of their own species look like
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Animal Behavior
Lorenz
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Animal Behavior
Conditioning• learning a particular stimulus or response leads to a good or bad outcome
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Animal Behavior
Pavlov’s Dog
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Animal Behavior
Rats
Dogs
Bunnies
Santa Claus
Coats
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Animal Behavior
Little Albert
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Animal Behavior
“A-maze-ing” Mice
A scientist conducted an experiment to find out whether mice would learn to run a maze more quickly if they were given rewards. She set up two identical mazes. In one maze, cheese was placed at the end of the correct route through the maze. No cheese was placed in the second maze.
- What Is Behavior?
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Animal Behavior
“A-maze-ing” Mice
25 minutes
Reading Graphs:
On day 1, what was the average time it took mice with the cheese reward to complete the maze?
- What Is Behavior?
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Animal Behavior
“A-maze-ing” Mice
10 minutes
Calculating:
On day 6, how much faster did mice with a reward complete the maze than mice without a reward?
- What Is Behavior?
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Animal Behavior
“A-maze-ing” Mice
Whether a reward of cheese was given; the amount and kind of cheese for the reward should stay the same in repetitions.
Interpreting Data:
What was the manipulated variable in this experiment? Explain.
- What Is Behavior?
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Animal Behavior
“A-maze-ing” Mice
After the second day, the rate of learning was faster with a reward given as positive reinforcement; mice learned to run the maze through trial and error; conditioning helped the mice learn that using the correct route through the maze would result in a reward, reinforcing and probably speeding up their response.
Drawing Conclusions:
Was the rate of learning faster for mice with the cheese reward or without the cheese reward? Explain.
- What Is Behavior?
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Animal Behavior
Trial-and-Error Learning• An animal learns to perform a behavior more and more
skillfully•Ex – riding a bike•Ex – dog vs. porcupine
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Animal Behavior
Dachshund Plays Fetch by Himself
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Animal Behavior
Cat Massage
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Animal Behavior
Insight Learning• The process of learning how to solve a
problem or do something new by applying what is already known
• Advanced form of learning
• Seen in primates
Video – McDougall Littell – Ch. 27 Chimps using tools
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Animal Behavior
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR
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Animal Behavior
Communication• Comes in many forms• Animals use mostly sounds, scents, and body movements
•Attract mates•Warning•Location of food
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Animal Behavior - Patterns of Behavior
Communication
These ants are finding their way to the sugar by following a pheromone trail.•Pheromone – chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of another animal
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Animal Behavior
Bat Communication
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Animal Behavior
Bee Communication
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Animal Behavior
Fire Flies
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Animal Behavior
Cicadas
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Animal Behavior
Competitive Behavior• Animals compete with one another for
limited resources such as food, water, space, shelter, and mates
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Animal Behavior
Aggression• Thereatening behavior that one animal uses to
gain control over another• Within same species – rarely ends in injury or
death
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Animal Behavior
Gorilla Fight
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Animal Behavior
Establishing Territory• Territory
•An area that is occupied and defended by an animal or group of animals
• Protects resources such as food and mates• May use calls, droppings, scratches or pheremones
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Animal Behavior
Bull Elephants fighting
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Animal Behavior
Bear vs. Badger
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Animal Behavior
Attracting a Mate• Courtship Behavior
•Males and females of the same species prepare for mating
• Can be competitive
• Displays
• Calls
Video – McDougall Littell – Ch. 27 courtship display
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Animal Behavior
Peackock
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Animal Behavior
Blue Footed Boobie
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Animal Behavior
Fiddler Crab
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Animal Behavior
Greater Grouse
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Animal Behavior
Black Grouse
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Animal Behavior
Elephant Seals
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Animal Behavior
Anole
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Animal Behavior
Birds of Paradise
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Animal Behavior
Flamingo
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Animal Behavior
Fish
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Animal Behavior
Damselfly
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Animal Behavior
What Females Want
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/what-females-want/video-full-episode/5371/
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Animal Behavior
What Males Will Do
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/what-males-will-do/video-full-episode/5374/
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Animal Behavior
Group Behavior• Living in groups enables animals to
cooperate
• Work together to find food
• Defense from predators
•School of fish – harder for predator to see an individual fish
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Animal Behavior
Parenting and Social Primate Behavior
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Animal Behavior
Social Structure
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Animal Behavior
Animal Societies
A society is a group of closely related animals of the same species that work together in a highly organized way.
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Animal Behavior
Mole Rats
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Animal Behavior
Behavior Cycles• Cyclic Behaviors usually change over the
course of a day or season
• Circadian rythms
•Behavior cycles that occur over a period of approxiamtely one day
•Rest in day/ active at night
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Animal Behavior
Hibernation/Estivation• Hibernation
•State of greatly reduced body activity during winter months when food is scarce
• Estivation
•Reduced activity during the summer or very hot periods when food and water is scarce
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Animal Behavior
Migration• Regular, seasonal journey of an animal
from one place to another and back again
• Search for food
• Search for mates
• Navigate using sight, taste, Earth’s magnetic fields, scent
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Animal Behavior - Patterns of Behavior
MigrationGolden plovers migrate to South America for the winter, and back to North America in the summer to reproduce.
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Animal Behavior
Migration
Click the Video button to watch a movie about migration.
- Patterns of Behavior
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Animal Behavior
Wildebeast Migration
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Animal Behavior
Monarch Migration
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Animal Behavior
Magnetism and Migration
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Animal Behavior
Graphic Organizer
Trial-and-error
Learning
can be
such as such as such as such as
Imprinting Conditioning
Learning to tie shoes
Solving a math problem
Insight learning
Ducklingsswimming byfollowing their
mother
A dog going to itsmaster when
called