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March 15, 2006 Rencontres de Moriond, EW and UT, La Thuile
What can Neutrinos tell us about NP ?What can Neutrinos tell us about NP ?
Carlos Pena GarayInstitute for Advanced Study
Princeton
~
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Recently confirmedRecently confirmed
Neutrino flavor conversion
leads to
Neutrino mass
Non degenerate massesFlavor and mass eigenstates non equivalent
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New Physics : SM + New Physics : SM + ν ν massmass
)9.7( 9.8eV10
0.7 25
2m≤≤ −
∆
)2.2( 6.3eV10
M6.1 23
2
≤≤ −
∆3 σ ranges:
⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
−−−−−−−−−
=⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛=
81.056.073.043.054.020.082.058.072.042.053.020.020.000.064.049.087.076.0
||||||||||||||||||
||
321
321
321
τττ
µµµ
eee
i
UUUUUUUUU
Uα
Solar + KamLANDAtmospheric + K2K CHOOZ
⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
−−−−−−−−−
=9992.09990.0043.0037.0014.00048.0044.0039.09744.09730.0227.0221.00045.00029.0227.0221.09751.09739.0
|| CKMiUα
Different pattern for leptons and quarksGonzalez-Garcia et al (2005)
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Simplest extension of SMSimplest extension of SMCan neutrino masses and mixings be accommodated in a model ?
SM + 3 singlets (νR) + L conservation
Arbitrary masses and mixings of Dirac neutrinosAnalogous to the quark sector
Unsolved questions :
Why Yukawa matrices are so different?
Why L conservation?
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Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
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Theorem 0Theorem 0νββ νββ MajoranaMajorana massmass
in gauge theories in gauge theories with SSBwith SSB
Schechter, Valle, PRD (1982)
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Implications of 0Implications of 0νββνββ
If due to only Majorana mass
Test of mass scale
Seesaw mechanism by heavy Majorana mass
Leptogenesis from heavy Majorana neutrinos
N22 F )( j
jej mU∑∝Γ
Fukugita, Yanagida, (1986)
8
8
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Seesaw mechanismSeesaw mechanism
... h.c. 2
y i +++ RicRi
RiiLRi vv
mφννν pL
φ φ
νL νR νR νL
mR
xIntegrating out the heavy fieldνR mR>> <φ>:
LicLieff vv
Ri
2i
2mm pL
Equivalently, diagonalizethe mass matrix in νL-νR basis ⎥
⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡
Rmmm0
Alternative mechanism : radiative masses
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Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties (decay)
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
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Electromagnetic propertiesElectromagnetic properties
Edm and Magnetic dipole moment
... h.c. i ++λρλρνν νσνµ Fj
ijpL
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛≈
eV 0.1m
10 3 B20- ν
ν µµ ij
Elastic scattering on electrons : contribution added incoherently
MUNU : µ < 9 10-11 µB at 90% CL
Red giants in globular clusters : µ < 3 10-12 µB
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛−
ν
παµETme
112
22
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Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
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LSND, KARMEN >> LSND, KARMEN >> MiniBooneMiniBoone
LSND : L=30 m, 20<E<60 MeV
3.5 to 7 σ appearance signal depending on analysis 67 signal events in 1030 signal+background
KARMEN : L=17.5 m, 20<E<60 MeV15 events in 15.8 background expected
Not compatible at 36%CL
310 )8.06.2()( −±=→ eνP µν
Combined LSND/KARMEN : Church et al, hep-ex/0203023
2osc 4lmE
∆=
π
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How to see sterile neutrinos ?How to see sterile neutrinos ?
Light spin ½ fermions, blind to SM gauge couplings, mixed with active neutrinos
In oscillations : Neutral currents, Matter effects
BBN : faster expansion ; depletion of νe : ratio n/p
LSS : free streaming of massive neutrinos, sterile contributes to relativistic dof if termalizes
Supernova cooling
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Excursion I : Neutrino Oscillations in matterExcursion I : Neutrino Oscillations in matter
After a plane wave pass through a slab, the phase is shifted : p (x+(n-1)R)
Net effect :
⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡+=
+≈ ∫∞
−
−+
pNRfe
edrNRfee
ipx
ipx
Rx
ipxRnxip
)0( 211
)0( 2 ))1((
π
π
2
)0( 21pfNn π
≈−
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Only the difference of potential is relevant
Net effect :
eFF NGeevvGH 2)1( )1( 2 55int ⇒−−= γγγγ µµ
i
0
vei
e
Nee
Nee
>=<
>=<
γ
γ
eF NG2 2lmatt
π=
Excursion II : Neutrino Oscillations in matterExcursion II : Neutrino Oscillations in matter
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Searches in oscillationsSearches in oscillations
SK, Macro data favor νµ ντ
νµ ννss disfavored ≥ 7σ
Atmospheric neutrinos
Gon
zale
z-G
arci
a, N
ir, re
view
200
2
[ ]221
241
2 08.0sin mm ∆>∆<η
Solar neutrinos : Could they go into other form of ν ?
sae sin cos vvv ηη +→
Bahcall et al PRC(2002)
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Bounds on 3+ 1 sterile neutrinosBounds on 3+ 1 sterile neutrinos
Cirelli et al (2004)
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Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
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Non Standard InteractionsNon Standard Interactions
Theory : expected to be smallConstraints from all neutrino data : αβ = {ee, eτ, ττ} can be order one
))(())(( 22
22RRE
mRRRR qqMqqM νννν −− ∝
Is possible to evade SU(2) bounds from l+-?Dirac Neutrinos :
Majorana Neutrinos :
))((v))(( 424RRR
tR qqMqHLLHqM ννσσ −− ∝
rr
Berezhiani, Rossi PLB(2002)
Davidson et al JHEP(2002)
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NSI in solar neutrinosNSI in solar neutrinos
Friedland et al PLB (2004)
Surprises possible if εee, εeτ ~ 0.1
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NSI in atmospheric neutrinosNSI in atmospheric neutrinos
Friedland et al PRD (2005)
εττ = |εeτ|2 / (1 + εee)
Strong bounds on εµµ, εµτ ~ 0.01Unconstrained comb. of NSI (εττ, εeτ, εee) tested by MINOS
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Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
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CPT boundsCPT bounds
eV10510| )K(- )(K| -10-1800 ⋅=< Kmmm
Lorentz invariance + Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian + locality leads to CPT theorem in relativistic local QFT
20202 eV 25.0| )K(- )(K|or <mm
What about ν ?
2422 eV 101.1| )(- )(| −⋅<∆∆ νν mmDe Gouvea, PG (2004)Murayama (2003)
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CPT bounds : Simplified caseCPT bounds : Simplified case
)0( GeV105.1b -20 =⋅< ηδ
βµ
αβµ
α νγν LL b form theof is violationLI Ifisotropic) (CMB frame preferred in theinvariant rotational +
Coleman, Glashow (1999) Colladay, Kostelecky (1997)
basis mass in the diagonal is b +Barger et al (2000)
bEmm δ+∆→∆ 22 :effect Main
Bahcall, PG (2004)
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CPT bounds : Simplified caseCPT bounds : Simplified case
)0( GeV105.1b -20 =⋅< ηδ
βµ
αβµ
α νγν LL b form theof is violationLI Ifisotropic) (CMB frame preferred in theinvariant rotational +
Coleman, Glashow (1999) Colladay, Kostelecky (1997)
basis mass in the diagonal is b +Barger et al (2000)
bEmm δ+∆→∆ 22 :effect Main
Bahcall, PG (2004)
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ConclusionsConclusions
Flavor conversion leads to neutrino mass
Opened a new territory to search for new physics
Neutrinoless double beta decay will probe majorana mass + hint towards seesaw & leptogenesis
MM, sterile states, NSI : predictions are very far from present bounds.
- large space of parameters to probe experimentally
- not well motivated models predict ranges tested in near future
-Test symmetries : millions of atmospheric neutrinos in Icecube
-Test cross sections : DIS at low x, NuTeV,…