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What causes motion?
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Sir Issac Newton
1642-1727 Developed laws of motion by age 24.
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Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
Law of InertiaA body at rest, stays at rest; a body in motion stays in motion until an outside force acts upon it.
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Inertia
Tendency of an object at rest to stay at rest, or an object in motion to stay in motion.
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Inertia All objects resist
changes in motion. All objects have
mass, therefore they have inertia.
An object with a small mass can be accelerated with a small force.
Mass is a measure of inertia.
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Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion The acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the force acted upon the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
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Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion If the Force increases, the
acceleration of the object increases. If the mass is increased, the
acceleration of the object decreases.
a=F/m
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What is the acceleration of a 132 kg object being moved with a 268 N force? m=132 kg F=268 N a=F/m a=268 N/132 kg a=2.03 m/s2
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Weight
Force of gravity on an object
Mass X Gravity (freefall acceleration)
W = mg
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What is the weight of Mark on Earth if his mass is 72-kg? m=72 kg a=9.8 m/s2
W=mg W= (72 kg)(9.8 m/s2) W=710 N
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Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Law of Action and Reaction
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Action-Reaction Forces always
occur in pairs. Whenever a force
is exerted, another force occurs that is equal in size an opposite in direction.