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What do we mean by a literature review?
Bruce HargraveMilitary Education Group
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Fact or Fiction?• We will have a look at three famous
quotations.• Your task is to identify which one(s) are
true.• In other words, you must identify Fact
from Fiction.
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Gentlemen, we have run out of money, now we will have to think.Winston Churchill
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We’re the air force. We drop bombs, kill people and break their stuff.Gen Charles ‘Chuck’ Horner
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The British write the best doctrine in the world. Fortunately, they never read it.Field Marshall Erwin Rommel
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Gentlemen, we have run out of money, now we will have to think.Winston Churchill
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We’re the air force. We drop bombs, kill people and break their stuff.Gen Charles ‘Chuck’ Horner
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The British write the best doctrine in the world. Fortunately, they never read it.Field Marshall Erwin Rommel
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The Nature of Truth• Verifiable facts
– If three people are witnesses to a car crash, will their statements agree on all the facts?
• Scientific experiment– An experiment repeated under the same
conditions, will give the same results.• Published works
– If I go to the reference you have given, in the same resource, I will find the same thing.
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In other words…• If you can give me a reference, from the
literature, to one of the quotes (Churchill, Rommel and Horner)…
• Am I more likely to believe it?• And does it become a fact?
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To review the literature on a subject…
• First, we need to find it.• Then, we need to read it.• Then, we need to interpret it.
– Do we think it’s reliable?– How do we know?– Does it still hold true today?– Is it still relevant?
• We need to subject it to critical analysis– More on this later with Kevin.
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For a literature review of a military subject…
• Do we only need to consult military sources?
• How widely should we research the literature?
• How can we make sure we don’t miss vital information sources?
• How do we know when it’s complete?
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A literature review:• Puts your research focus in the context of
the wider community in your field.– That community may be academic.– It may be military.– It may be both.
• Reports your critical review of the relevant literature.
• Identifies a gap within that literature that your research will attempt to address.
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By doing a literature review, you also:
• Establish your credibility as someone who has something important to say on the subject.
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When to stop• ‘Build an argument, not a library.’
– Rudestam and Newton (1992).• Writing your essay is part of the research
process.• Not something that happens after you
have finished reading the literature.