![Page 1: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….?
• THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED IT ALL UP, WE CANNOT QUICKLY GET MORE. STUDIES REVEAL THAT THE EXISTING SUPPLIES WILL RUN OUT IN 50 YEARS TIME. SO ISN’T IT HIGH TIME TO THINK “WHAT IF IT FINISHES……? ”
![Page 2: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Petroleum or crude oil
• Crude oil or petroleum is a fossil fuel found in the earth’s crust. Millions of years ago, small animals and plants died and fell to the bottom of the sea. Their remains were covered by mud.
• The mud eventually turned to rocks. This rock put a lot pressure on the dead animals and plants. Rocks around them also heated them up. Together the heat and pressure turned the remains into crude oil.
![Page 3: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
OIL RIG• This crude oil cannot
float upwards as the rocks are not porous. So they get trapped there beneath the rocks.
• So oil rigs are used to draw the oil to the surface.
![Page 4: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
OIL RIG IN THE ARABIAN SEA
• One such oil rig is in the Arabian sea
![Page 5: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ONGC OIL PLATFORM
• The largest oil production in India is operated by ONGC – Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
![Page 6: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
LOGO OF ONGC
![Page 7: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
OIL FIELD IN KUWAIT• The gulf countries
have the largest resource of petroleum.
• One such oil field at Kuwait is shown here.
![Page 8: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
REFINERY PLANT
![Page 9: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OR PETROLEUM REFINING
• Once the crude oil is extracted out it is subjected to a process known as refining or fractional distillation of petroleum.
![Page 10: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
REFINING
• Refining of petroleum yields many useful products like LPG, petrol, kerosene, diesel, grease, wax, naphthalene, bitumen etc
![Page 11: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
VEHICLES THAT RUN ON FUELS
• Fuels like petrol and diesel are used as fuels in vehicles.
• Jet planes use kerosene as fuel as kerosene burns safely without explosion.
![Page 12: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
BITUMEN USED TO LAY ROADS
• Bitumen or tar is used to lay roads.
![Page 13: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
• Petroleum products are also used in perfumes, disinfectants , nail polish etc
![Page 14: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CNG-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
• Compressed Natural Gas is another important by product obtained during refining of petroleum. It is a cleaner fuel than petrol or diesel as it releases less amount of carbon dioxide.
![Page 15: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRIES• Oil fields in India
are lacated at Mumbai, Gujrat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan etc.
![Page 16: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
India’s first oil field
• The first oil field was sunk at Digboi in Assam.
![Page 17: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Oil fields in India
• Bombay High that is off coast of Mumbai and run by ONGC is the largest producer of oil in India. It was first sunk in 1974.
• Mangala area in Rajasthan was sunk in 1999.• Panna – Mukta Oil field is yet another oil field
in Mumbai.
![Page 18: WHAT IF ‘IT’ FINISHES….? THE WORD ‘IT’ REFERS TO PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL WHICH IS A FOSSIL FUEL THAT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS TO FORM. SO WHEN WE HAVE USED](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d965503460f94a7eb5a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Prices of fuels
• With rising demands for fuels, the prices of fuels has also risen.
• Current prices ( approx) of a few common fuels are
• Petrol – Rs 70/ litre• Diesel – Rs 50 /litre• CNG – Rs 39/Kg